NDLI: Estimating aquifer recharge in fractured hard rock: analysis of the methodological challenges and application to obtain a water balance (Jaisamand Lake Basin, India)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rohde, Melissa M. Edmunds, W. Mike Freyberg, David Sharma, Om Prakash Sharma, Anupma
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Groundwater recharge is an important metric for sustainable water management, particularly in semi-arid regions. Hard-rock aquifers underlie two-thirds of India and appropriate techniques for estimating groundwater recharge are needed, but the accuracy of such values is highly uncertain. The chloride mass balance (CMB) method was employed to estimate annual groundwater recharge rates in a monsoon-dependent area of Jaisamand Lake basin in Rajasthan, which contains the Gangeshwar watershed. A monitoring program was established within the watershed during summer 2009, with local participation for the collection of rainfall and groundwater samples. Groundwater recharge was estimated spatially over a 3-year period with pre-monsoon and post-monsoon datasets. Recharge rates estimated using the CMB method were then compared to those estimated using the water-table fluctuation (WTF) method. Specific yield was 0.63 % and assumed to be homogenous across the watershed. The average recharge rate derived from the WTF method (31 mm/year) was higher than that derived from the CMB method (24.3 mm/year). CMB recharge rates were also applied to obtain a water balance for the watershed. CMB recharge rates were used to estimate annual groundwater replenishment and were compared with estimates of groundwater withdrawal using Landsat imagery. Over the 2009–2011 study period, groundwater demand was about seven times greater than the estimated groundwater renewal of 5.6 million cubic meters. This analysis highlights the challenges associated with estimating groundwater recharge in fractured hard-rock aquifers, and how renewable groundwater-resource estimates can be used as a metric to promote sustainable water use.La recharge des eaux souterraines est un paramètre important pour la gestion durable des ressources en eau, particulièrement dans les régions semi-arides. Les aquifères de socle constituent le sous-sol des deux tiers de l’Inde; des techniques adaptées pour estimer la recharge des eaux souterraines sont nécessaires, mais la précision de ces valeurs est très incertaine. La méthode du bilan des chlorures (CMB) a été utilisée pour estimer le taux de recharge annuelle des eaux souterraines dans une région à climat influencé par la mousson dans les Aravalli Hills du Rajasthan, où se trouve le bassin versant de Gangeshwar. Un programme d’acquisition de données a été établi dans le bassin versant pendant l’été 2009, avec une participation locale pour la collecte d’échantillons de pluie et des eaux souterraines. La recharge des eaux souterraines a été estimée spatialement sur une période de 3 ans avec des jeux de données pré et post mousson. Les taux de recharge estimés avec la méthode CMB ont été comparés avec ceux déduits de la méthode des variations du niveau piézométrique (WTF). La porosité efficace est de 0.63 % et est supposée homogène à l’échelle du bassin versant. L’estimation de la recharge déduite de la méthode WTF (31 mm/an) est supérieure à celle déduite de la méthode CMB (24.3 mm/an). Les taux de recharge CMB ont aussi été utilisés pour établir un bilan hydrologique du bassin versant. Les taux de recharge CMB ont été utilisés pour estimer la recharge annuelle des aquifères et ont été comparés avec des estimations des prélèvements d’eau souterraine utilisant l’imagerie Landsat. Sur la période d’étude 2009–2011, la demande en eau souterraine était environ sept fois plus élevée que la recharge des eaux souterraines, estimée à 5.6 millions de mètres cubes. Ce travail souligne d’une part les enjeux associés à l’estimation de la recharge des aquifères de socle fracturé et d’autre part comment les estimations de la ressource en eau souterraine renouvelable peuvent être utilisées pour promouvoir l’utilisation durable de l’eau.La recarga de agua subterránea es una métrica importante para la gestión sostenible del agua, especialmente en las regiones semiáridas. Los acuíferos de roca dura subyacen dos terceras partes de la India; se necesitan técnicas apropiadas para la estimación de la recarga de acuíferos, pero la exactitud de tales valores es altamente incierta. Se empleó el método de balance de masa de cloruro (CMB) para estimar las tasas anuales de recarga del agua subterránea en una zona que depende del monzón en Aravalli Hills de Rajasthan, que contiene la cuenca de Gangeshwar. Se estableció un programa de monitoreo dentro de la cuenca durante el verano de 2009, con la participación local para la recolección de muestras de lluvia y de aguas subterráneas. La recarga del agua subterránea se estimó espacialmente en un período de 3 años con conjuntos de datos de pre-monzón y de post-monzón. La tasa de recarga estimada utilizando el método CMB se comparó con la estimada usando la fluctuación del nivel freático método (WTF). El rendimiento específico fue de 0.63 % y se supuso que es homogéneo en toda la cuenca. La tasa media de recarga obtenida por el método de WTF (31 mm/año) fue superior a la del método CMB (24.3 mm/año). Las tasas de recarga por CMB también se aplicaron para obtener un balance de agua para la cuenca. Se utilizaron las tasas de recarga por CMB para estimar la reposición anual del agua subterránea y se compararon con las estimaciones de extracción de agua subterránea utilizando imágenes Landsat. Durante el estudio del período 2009–2011, la demanda de agua subterránea era cerca de siete veces mayor que la renovación de las aguas subterráneas, estimada en 5.6 millones de metros cúbicos. Este análisis pone de relieve los desafíos asociados con la estimación de la recarga del agua subterránea en los acuíferos de rocas duras fracturadas, y cómo se pueden utilizar las estimaciones del recurso renovable agua subterránea como una medida para promover el uso sostenible del agua.地下水补给是水可持续管理的一个重要的度量标准,尤其是在半干旱地区。硬岩含水层分布面积在印度占三分之二;估算地下水补给需要适宜技术,但这些数值的精确度非常靠不住。采用氯化物质量平衡方法估算了拉贾斯坦邦阿拉瓦利山区季风区每年的地下水补给量,这个季风区包括Gangeshwar流域。2009年夏天在流域内开展了监测行动,当地部门参与了降雨和地下水样品的收集工作。根据季风前和季风后数据集估算了三年期的地下水补给量。然后,把采用氯化物质量平衡法估算的补给量与采用水位波动法估算的补给量进行了对比。单位出水量为0.63 %,并假定在整个流域均质。通过水位波动法得到的平均补给量(31 mm/年)比通过氯化物质量平衡法得到的平均补给量(24.3 mm/年)要高。也利用氯化物质量平衡法得到流域的水平衡。利用氯化物质量平衡法获取的补给量估算每年的地下水补充量,并利用地球资源卫星影像与地下水抽取量进行了对比。2009年至2011年研究期间,地下水需求大约是地下水估算更新量560万立方的7倍。这个分析结果强调了断裂硬岩含水层地下水补给方面的挑战,以及强调了可更新的地下水补给估算值如何作为一个度量标准来促进可持续的水利用。A recarga das águas subterrâneas é uma métrica importante para o gerenciamento sustentável da água, particularmente em regiões semiáridas. Os aquíferos fraturados estão presentes em dois terços do território da Índia; técnicas adequadas para estimativa da recarga subterrânea são necessárias, porém a acurácia de tais estimativas é altamente incerta. O método do balanço de massa de cloreto (BMC) foi aplicado para estimativa anual das taxas de recarga em uma área de monções nas Montanhas Aravalli do Rajastão, a qual abrange a bacia hidrográfica de Gangeshwar. Um programa de monitoramento foi implantado dentro dessa bacia com coletas de amostras de precipitação e águas subterrâneas durante o verão de 2009. A recarga foi estimada espacialmente durante um período de 3 anos com um conjunto de dados que inclui pré-monção e pós-monção. As estimativas de recarga usando o BMC foram comparadas com as estimativas do método da variação da superfície livre (VSL) do aquífero. O valor do rendimento específico do solo usado foi de 0.63 % e considerado homogêneo ao longo de toda a bacia. A taxa média de recarga obtida pelo método VSL (31 mm/ano) foi maior em relação à obtida pelo método BMC (24.3 mm/ano). As taxas de recarga do método BMC também foram usadas para obtenção de um balanço hídrico para a bacia. As taxas de recarga do método BMC foram empregadas para estimar a reposição anual de águas subterrâneas e foram comparadas, por meio de imagens de satélite Landsat, com as quantidades de águas subterrâneas retiradas. A demanda por águas subterrâneas foi de aproximadamente sete vezes maior à reposição subterrânea de 5.6 milhões de metros cúbicos durante o período de estudo (2009–2010). Esta análise destaca os desafios associados à estimava de recarga em aquíferos fraturados e também como as estimativas de recursos hídricos subterrâneos renováveis podem ser usadas como uma métrica para promover o uso sustentável de água.
Starting Page	1573
Ending Page	1586
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-07-21
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater recharge/water budget Crystalline rocks Arid regions Agriculture India Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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