Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Hunt, Allen G. Skinner, Thomas E. |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Abstract | Technetium ($^{99}$Tc) spreads predominantly laterally through US Department of Energy Hanford site sediments. Lateral transport implies that at higher tensions, h, in the unsaturated zone, the effective hydraulic conductivity, K, may be strongly anisotropic. A modeling procedure has been developed to predict characteristics of the Tc plumes. The procedure consists of: (1) Adapting existing numerical techniques based on critical path analysis to calculate K(h), (2) Statistically correlating predicted K at various h values with texture, (3) Seeking value of h, for which anisotropy and horizontal K values are both sufficiently large to accommodate multi-kilometer horizontal spreading, (4) Predicting the distribution of K values for vertical flow as a function of system support volume, (5) Comparing the largest likely K value in the vertical direction with the expected K in the horizontal direction, (6) Finding the length scale at which the two K values are roughly equal, and (7) Comparing that length scale with horizontal spreading of the plume. Predictions of the typical value of h at which spreading is occurring compares well with inference. However, the length scale at which Tc transport in the unsaturated zone changes from predominantly horizontal to more nearly vertical appears underestimated.Résumé: le technétium ($^{99}$Tc) diffuse surtout latéralement dans les sédiments du site du US Department of Energy, Hanford. Une propagation latérale implique que, pour des valeurs élevées de la tension h dans la zone non saturée, la conductivité hydraulique relative K puisse être fortement anisotropique. On a développé un modèle de propagation pour pouvoir prévoir les caractéristiques des panaches de Tc. La procédure consiste à: (1) Adapter les techniques numériques existantes basées sur l’analyse de chemin critique pour calculer K(h), (2) Corréler les valeurs de K avec diverses valeurs de h selon la texture, (3) Rechercher la valeur de h pour laquelle l’anisotropie et les valeurs de la conductivité hydraulique K ont une distribution suffisamment large pour correspondre à une diffusion pluri-kilométrique, (4) Considérer une série de valeurs de K pour un écoulement vertical en fonction du volume de la formation concernée, (5) Comparer la plus grande valeur vraisemblable de K verticale avec la valeur supposée de K horizontale (6) Rechercher l’échelle pour laquelle les deux valeurs de K sont approximativement égales et (7) Comparer cette échelle avec la diffusion horizontale du panache. Les valeurs remarquables de h pour lesquelles la diffusion se produit correspondent bien à l’inférence. Toutefois, la superficie où la diffusion essentiellement horizontale du Tc dans la zone non saturée devient plus sensiblement verticale apparaît comme sous-estimée.El tecnecio ($^{99}$Tc) se propaga predominantemente de manera lateral a través de los sedimentos localizados en Hanford en el Departamento de Energía de EEUU. El transporte lateral implica que a altas tensiones, h, en la zona no saturada, la conductividad hidráulica efectiva, K, puede ser fuertemente anisotrópica. Se desarrolló un procedimiento de modelado para predecir las características de las plumas de Tc. El procedimiento consiste en: (1) Adaptación de las técnicas numéricas existentes basadas en el análisis de trayectorias críticas para calcular K(h), (2) Correlación estadística de la K predicha para varios valores de h con la textura, (3) Búsqueda de valores de h, para los cuales la anisotropía y los valores horizontales de K en ambos son suficientemente grandes para permitir una propagación horizontal multi-kilométrica, (4) Predicción de la distribución de valores de k para flujo vertical en función del volumen de soporte del sistema, (5) Comparación de los mayores valores probables de K en la dirección vertical con la k esperada en la dirección horizontal, (6) Determinación de la escala de longitud en los cuales dos valores de K son aproximadamente iguales, y (7) Comparación de aquella escala longitudinal con propagación horizontal de la pluma. Las predicciones de los valores típicos de h en la cual se verifica la propagación se comparan bien con la inferencia. Sin embargo, la escala de longitud en la cual el transporte de Tc en la zona no saturada cambia de predominantemente horizontal a más cercanamente vertical aparece como subestimada.美国能源局Hanford场地沉积物中锝 ($^{99}$Tc) 主要呈侧向展布。侧向运移表明, 在非饱和带中, 当张力h较高时, 其有效渗透系数K可能具有很强的各向异性。开发了一个建模程序以预测锝晕的特征。该程序包括: 1) 采用基于关键路径分析的现有数值技术计算K(h),2) 将不同h值下的K值与土壤结构进行统计相关分析, 3) 寻找合适的h, 使各向异性和水平K值大到足以适于数千米尺度的水平分布, 4) 预测为系统给水体积的函数的垂向K值的分布, 5) 对比最大垂向K值与预测的 水平K值, 6) 找到两个方向上K值相等时的长度尺度, 7) 将该长度尺度与晕的水平分布对比。锝散布区的典型h预测值与推断吻合很好。但低估了饱和带中Tc从水平运移到出现垂直运移的长度尺度.A forma predominante da dispersão do Tecnécio ($^{99}$Tc) nos sedimentos do Departamento de Energia (DOE) dos EUA, em Hanford, é lateral. O transporte lateral implica que, a maiores tensões, h, na zona vadosa a condutividade hidráulica efectiva, K, possa ser fortemente anisotrópica. Desenvolveu-se um modelo para previsão das características das plumas de Tc. O procedimento consiste em: (1) adaptar técnicas numéricas existentes baseadas na análise do caminho crítico para calcular o K(h); (2) correlacionar estatisticamente o K calculado e a textura para vários valores de h; (3) procurar um valor de h para o qual a anisotropia e os valores de K horizontais sejam suficientemente grandes para incorporar uma dispersão horizontal multi-quilométrica; (4) prever a distribuição dos valores de K para fluxo vertical como uma função do volume do sistema de suporte; (5) comparar o maior valor de K previsível na direcção vertical com o valor de K esperado na direcção horizontal; (6) encontrar a escala de comprimento para a qual os dois valores de K são aproximadamente iguais; e (7) comparar essa escala de comprimento com a dispersão horizontal da pluma. As previsões dos valores típicos de h, para os quais ocorre dispersão, são próximas das inferidas. Não obstante, parece subestimada a escala de comprimento para a qual o transporte de Tc na zona vadosa muda de predominantemente horizontal para quase vertical. |
| Starting Page | 381 |
| Ending Page | 403 |
| Page Count | 23 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2009-08-27 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Analytical solutions Unsaturated zone Heterogeneity Hydraulic properties USA Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|