NDLI: Multi-tracer investigation of groundwater residence time in a karstic aquifer: Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Land, Lewis Huff, G. F.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Several natural and anthropogenic tracers have been used to evaluate groundwater residence time within a karstic limestone aquifer in southeastern New Mexico, USA. Natural groundwater discharge occurs in the lower Pecos Valley from a region of karst springs, wetlands and sinkhole lakes at Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, on the northeast margin of the Roswell Artesian Basin. The springs and sinkholes are formed in gypsum bedrock that serves as a leaky confining unit for an artesian aquifer in the underlying San Andres limestone. Because wetlands on the Refuge provide habitat for threatened and endangered species, there is concern about the potential for contamination by anthropogenic activity in the aquifer recharge area. Estimates of the time required for groundwater to travel through the artesian aquifer vary widely because of uncertainties regarding karst conduit flow. A better understanding of groundwater residence time is required to make informed decisions about management of water resources and wildlife habitat at Bitter Lakes. Results indicate that the artesian aquifer contains a significant component of water recharged within the last 10–50 years, combined with pre-modern groundwater originating from deeper underlying aquifers, some of which may be indirectly sourced from the high Sacramento Mountains to the west.Plusieurs traceurs naturels et anthropiques ont été utilisés pour évaluer le temps de séjour de l’eau dans un aquifère calcaire karstique au Sud-Est du Nouveau Mexique, USA. Dans la basse vallée du Pecos, en bordure Nord-Est du bassin artésien de Roswell, on observe à Bitter Lakes Wildlife Refuge des émergences alimentées par des sources karstiques, par des zones humides et des pertes de lacs. Les sources et pertes affectent le substrat gypseux. Ce substrat constitue une unité semi-étanche de rétention alimentant l’aquifère artésien du calcaire de San Andres sous-jacent. Les zones humides du Refuge offrant un habitat à des espèces menacées et en voie d’extinction, on s’inquiète de la possible contamination du bassin d’alimentation de l’aquifère par des activités anthropiques. Les estimations du temps d’écoulement de l’eau dans l’aquifère artésien varient largement en raison des incertitudes sur le flux des écoulements karstiques. Une meilleure connaissance du temps de séjour de la nappe est nécessaire pour prendre des décisions appropriées concernant la gestion des ressources en eau et des habitats naturels à Bitter Lakes. Les résultats indiquent que l’aquifère contient une proportion importante d’eau rechargée au cours des 10–15 dernières années, mélangée à de l’eau moins récente provenant d’aquifères plus profonds, certains d’entre-eux pouvant recevoir leur eau des hautes “Sacramento Mountains” à l’Ouest.Varios trazadores naturales y antropogénicos han sido usados para evaluar el tiempo de residencia de las aguas subterráneas dentro de un acuífero kárstico de caliza en el sudeste de New Mexico, EEUU. La descarga natural de las aguas subterráneas se verifica en el bajo Pecos Valley desde una región de manantiales kársticos, humedales y lagos de sumideros en el Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, en el margen noreste de la cuenca artesiana Roswell. Los manantiales y los sumideros están formados en rocas de base de yeso que sirve como una unidad de confinamiento filtrante para un acuífero artesiano en la subyacente caliza San Andrés. Debido a que los humedales en el Refuge proveen un hábitat para especies amenazadas y en peligro, existe preocupación acerca del potencial de contaminación por la actividad antropogénica en el área de recarga del acuífero. Las estimaciones de los tiempos requeridos para que el agua subterránea viaje a través del acuífero artesiano varía ampliamente debido a las incertezas relativas al flujo en conductos kársticos. Se requiere una mejor comprensión del tiempo de residencia de las aguas subterráneas para tomar decisiones basadas en información acerca del manejo de los recursos de agua y del hábitat de la vida silvestre en el Bitter Lakes. Los resultados indican que el acuífero artesiano contiene un componente significativo de agua recargada dentro de los últimos 10–50 años, combinado con agua subterránea premoderna originada a partir de acuíferos subyacentes profundos, algunos de los cuales pueden estar indirectamente alimentados desde las altas montañas de Sacramento hacia el oeste.应用多种天然和人工示踪剂评估了美国新墨西哥东南部的灰岩岩溶含水层地下水的滞留时间。天然地下水排泄发生于Pecos 峡谷下游, 位于Roswell自流盆地东北缘的国家野生动物保护区的比特尔湖的岩溶泉、湿地和落水洞区。泉和落水洞形成于作为其下伏San Andres灰岩自流含水层阻水单元的石膏基岩中。因为保护区的湿地可为一些受到威胁和濒危物种提供栖息地, 所以人为活动对该含水层补给区的潜在污染备受关注。由于岩溶管道流的不确定性, 对地下水流经自流含水层时间的估计变化很大。所以需要更好地认识地下水滞留时间, 以对比特尔湖区的水资源和野生动物栖息地的管理进行有依据的决策。结果表明, 自流含水层中有大量来自过去10–50年的水以及来自深部下伏含水层的次现代水, 其中某些水可能间接来自西部的萨克拉曼多山。Diversos traçadoes naturais e antropogénicos têm sido usados para avaliar o tempo de residência das águas subterrâneas num aquífero carbonatado carsificado, na área sudeste do Novo México, nos EUA. A descarga natural do sistema ocorre na parte inferior do Vale de Pecos, numa região de nascentes cársicas, áreas húmidas e lagos que funcionam como sumidouros, situada no Refúgio Nacional de Vida Selvagem dos Lagos Bitter (Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge), na margem noroeste da bacia artesiana de Roswell. As nascentes e sumidouros estão instalados em rochas gipsíferas, as quais funcionam como um aquitardo que confina um aquífero artesiano suportado pelos calcários subjacentes de San Andres. Uma vez que as áreas húmidas neste refúgio de vida selvagem constituem o habitat de espécies ameaçadas, existem preocupações relativamente à potencial contaminação associada a actividades antrópicas na área de recarga do aquífero. As estimativas do tempo necessário para a água subterrânea se deslocar através do aquífero confinado são muito variáveis, devido às incertezas associadas ao escoamento em condutas cársicas. Uma melhor compreensão do tempo de residência das águas subterrâneas é necessária para que se possam tomar decisões fundamentadas relativamente à gestão dos recursos hídricos e dos habitats de vida selvagem nos Lagos Bitter. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o aquífero confinado contém quantidades significativas de água cuja recarga ocorreu nos últimos 10–50 anos, juntamente com água subterrânea pré-moderna oriunda de aquíferos profundos, alguns dos quais podem indirectamente ser recarregados através das elevadas Montanhas Sacramento, localizadas a oeste desta área.
Starting Page	455
Ending Page	472
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	18
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-10-03
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Karst Groundwater age Tracer tests USA Roswell Artesian Basin Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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