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Spatial characteristics of water quality, stable isotopes and tritium associated with groundwater flow in the Hutuo River alluvial fan plain of the North China Plain

Comment on the paper “Deep groundwater flow and geochemical processes in limestone aquifers: evidence from thermal waters in Derbyshire, England, UK” by John Gunn, Simon H Bottrell, David J Lowe, Stephen R H Worthington. Hydrogeology Journal (2006), 14 (6), 868–881

Reply to comment on “Deep groundwater flow and geochemical processes in limestone aquifers: evidence from thermal waters in Derbyshire, England, UK” by John Gunn, Simon H Bottrell, David J Lowe, Stephen R H Worthington. Hydrogeology Journal (2006), 14 (6), 868–881

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Effect of soil disturbance on recharging fluxes: case study on the Snake River Plain, Idaho National Laboratory, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Nimmo, John R. Perkins, Kim S.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Soil structural disturbance influences the downward flow of water that percolates deep enough to become aquifer recharge. Data from identical experiments in an undisturbed silt-loam soil and in an adjacent simulated waste trench composed of the same soil material, but disturbed, included (1) laboratory- and field-measured unsaturated hydraulic properties and (2) field-measured transient water content profiles through 24 h of ponded infiltration and 75 d of redistribution. In undisturbed soil, wetting fronts were highly diffuse above 2 m depth, and did not go much deeper than 2 m. Darcian analysis suggests an average recharge rate less than 2 mm/year. In disturbed soil, wetting fronts were sharp and initial infiltration slower; water moved slowly below 2 m without obvious impediment. Richards’ equation simulations with realistic conditions predicted sharp wetting fronts, as observed for disturbed soil. Such simulations were adequate for undisturbed soil only if started from a post-initial moisture distribution that included about 3 h of infiltration. These late-started simulations remained good, however, through the 76 d of data. Overall results suggest the net effect of soil disturbance, although it reduces preferential flow, may be to increase recharge by disrupting layer contrasts.La perturbation de la structure du sol influence l’écoulement vers le bas de l’eau qui percole assez loin en profondeur pour recharger les aquifères. Les données d’expériences identiques menées sur un sol non-perturbé silto-limoneux et sur une tranchée à déchets adjacente et composée du même type de sol, mais perturbé, incluent (1) les propriétés hydrauliques saturées et non-saturées mesurées en laboratoire et sur le terrain (2) des profils de saturation en eau issus de tests d’infiltration de 24 h et 75 j de redistribution. Dans les sols non-perturbés, le front d’humidification ont très diffus au-dessus de 2 mètres de profondeur, et ne vont pas plus loin que 2 m en profondeur. L’analyse darcienne suggère un taux de recharge moyen inférieur à 2 mm/an. Dans les sols perturbés, les fronts d’humidification sont angulaires et l’infiltration initiale moins importante, l’eau s’écoule lentement sous 2 mètres, sans empêchements. Les simulations de l’équation de Richards suivant des conditions réalistes prédit les fronts d’humidification angulaires, tels qu’observés dans les sols perturbés. De telles simulations ont été adéquates seulement si elles commencent après une distribution initiale correspondant à environ 3 h d’infiltration. Toutefois ces simulations aux conditions initiales retardées restent correctes sur les 76 j de données. Les résultats globaux suggèrent que la perturbation du sol, bien que réduisant l’écoulement préférentiel, est à même d’augmenter la recharge en cassant les contrastes entre les différentes couches.La alteración estructural del suelo influye en el flujo descendiente de agua que percola a suficiente profundidad para convertirse en la recarga del acuífero. Los datos de experimentos idénticos en un suelo franco-limoso sin alteración estructural, y en una trinchera adyacente con residuos simulados compuesta del mismo material de suelo, pero alterada, incluyó (1) mediciones de campo y laboratorio de propiedades hidráulicas no saturadas y (2) perfiles transitorios de contenido de agua medidos en el campo a través de infiltración estancada durante 24 h y 75 d de redistribución. En los suelos sin alteración los frentes de humedad fueron altamente difusos por encima de 2 m de profundidad, y no se extendieron a profundidades mayores de 2m. El análisis Darciano sugiere un ritmo de recarga promedio menor a 2 mm/año. En suelo alterado, los frentes de humedad fueron nítidos y la infiltración inicial más lenta; el agua se movió lentamente por debajo de 2m sin impedimento obvio. Las simulaciones en base a la Ecuación de Richards en condiciones realísticas predijeron nítidos frentes de humedad, como se observó en los suelos alterados. Tales simulaciones fueron adecuadas para suelos sin alteración solo si se comenzaron a partir de una distribución de humedad post-inicial que incluyó cerca de 3 h de infiltración. Estas simulaciones de iniciación tardía permanecieron buenas a través de los 76 d de datos. Los resultados globales sugieren que el efecto neto de la alteración del suelo, aunque reduce flujo preferencial, puede ser el incremento en recarga mediante la perturbación de contrastes de capas.
Starting Page	829
Ending Page	844
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-01-23
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Recharge Unsaturated zone USA Waste disposal Hydraulic properties Hydrogeology Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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