NDLI: Microwave assisted extraction of ketamine and its metabolites from skeletal tissues

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Watterson, J. H. Cornthwaite, H. M.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The use of Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) to extract ketamine and its metabolites from decomposed bone tissue is described. Wistar rats received 75 mg kg−1 (i.p.) ketamine (n = 12) or remained drug-free (controls, n = 4). Following euthanasia, rats were allowed to decompose to skeleton outdoors. Bones (vertebrae, rib, pelvi, femora, tibiae, humeri and scapulae) were collected and pooled. Analyte stability to MAE in methanol or acetone–hexane mixture (1 : 1, v/v) in a closed vessel microwave system was assessed, and acetone–hexane was chosen as the MAE solvent. Bone samples underwent MAE, and extracts were assayed using microplate solid phase extraction (MPSPE) in a mixed-mode configuration and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug levels, expressed as mass normalized response ratios, were used to characterize extraction time and the effect of MAE solvent volume on the extraction time and relative recovery for each analyte. Extraction time varied slightly with solvent volume, while relative analyte recovery did not differ significantly. Recovery was at least 90% of maximal value within the first 5 min for all samples examined and maximum recovery occurred within 20 minutes. MAE in combination with MPSPE offers a substantial improvement in analytical throughput for toxicological analysis of skeletal remains.
Starting Page	1142
Ending Page	1148
Page Count	7
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17599660
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	4
Journal	Analytical Methods
DOI	10.1039/c3ay41773e
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Analyte Solid phase extraction Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry Ketamine Animal euthanasia Microtiter plate MPSPE Microwave Bone Humerus Solvent Methanol
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Analytical Chemistry Engineering Chemical Engineering

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