NDLI: Factors affecting flat panel PMT calibration for gamma ray imaging

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Pani, R. Pellegrini, R. Cinti, M.N. Trotta, C. Trotta, G. Scafe, R. D'Addio, L. Iurlaro, G. Montani, L. Bennati, P. Ridolfi, S. Cusanno, F. Garibaldi, F.
Copyright Year	2003
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Exp. Medicine & Pathology, Rome Univ., Italy (Pani, R.; Pellegrini, R.)
Abstract	Hamamatsu H8500 Flat Panel PMT represents the last technological advancement in gamma ray imaging. Compact size makes it attractive for medical imaging application. To study and compare image performance two Flat Panel PMTs were coupled to CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) scintillation arrays with 3 mm and 1.8 mm pixel size respectively and they were connected to multi-anode electronic readout (64 channel). Furthermore a pulsed blue LED coupled to an optical fiber was utilized to scan the tube with different light distribution spreading. The study took into account how PMT anode gain uniformity response, light distribution and intensity, influence spatial resolution, position linearity and image noise. Gain calibration was firstly studied because of PMT gain anode non uniformity response, which range between 27:100 and between 45:100 respectively. Furthermore each crystal pixel produces different charge distribution and this depends on the matching between anode and scintillation array lattice. The amount of anode charge can change more than a factor five for narrow light distributions. Tube gain setting results critical, in fact because of energy resolution of each anode spectra, only a factor five pulse height variation can be adequately converted by ADC. In addition there is a further gain anode variation due to PMT non uniformity response of a factor 3. This mentioned two elements, do not allow to convert all pulses in the useful pulse height ADC range. As a consequence image position distortion and background are produced. Flat Panel shows good image performance. However, because of the big anode size and PMT gain non uniformity response, the gain setting can be critical to obtain the best image performance for scintillation light distribution comparable with anode size.
Starting Page	671
Ending Page	675
File Size	708707
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780376366
DOI	10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239413
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2002-11-10
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Calibration Nuclear imaging Anodes Image converters Performance gain Biomedical imaging Pixel Optical pulses Light emitting diodes Optical coupling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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