NDLI: Acoustically tagged photons for ultimate sensitivity imaging

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Glastre, W. Jacquin, O. Hugon, O. de Chatellus, H.G. Lacot, E.
Copyright Year	2013
Description	Author affiliation: LiPhy, UJF-Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France (Glastre, W.; Jacquin, O.; Hugon, O.; de Chatellus, H.G.; Lacot, E.)
Abstract	Summary form only given. Getting resolved images through scattering media is a crucial concern as it is related to important issues. For instance one can cite high resolution biological imaging. Such an imaging system could provide us information about deep tissues without requiring invasive biopsy followed by histological sections.When light propagates through turbid media, the major problem is to find the trade-off between the sensitivity and the resolution. The first possibility is to measure the multi-scattered photons [1,2]; the advantage is the good sensitivity at large depths but at the price of a highly degraded resolution (multi-scattered photons have lost their initial direction). On the contrary one can choose to measure only ballistic photons and thus to get an optically resolved image. The main drawback is that their number decreases exponentially during the propagation, impacting signal to noise ratio and limiting the accessible depth. Laser Optical Feedback Imaging (LOFI) microscope [3] is a setup belonging to the second family, a laser acts both as an emitter and a receiver of photons, and an image is obtained point by point by scanning the target with galvanometric mirrors. Photons are emitted, frequency shifted near the relaxation frequency of the laser, retroreflected by the target and finally reinjected into the laser cavity. This leads to a beating at the frequency shift of the laser mode, which is detected by a photodiode and demodulated in amplitude and in phase. Finally, one has an equivalent detector which benefits from the dynamics of the laser with an ultimate shot noise sensitivity. The counterpart of these advantages is the time of an image acquisition (at least 30 seconds for 512*512 pixels). Another interesting property of this system is the ability to keep the resolution of microscope objective beyond the working distance of the microscope objective. Indeed this setup can be seen as an autodyne interferometer with both amplitude and phase information on the reinjected electric field. As a result it is possible to use Synthetic Aperture (SA) techniques to treat numerically raw defocus images (from fig. 1a to 1b), with a final resolution corresponding to the microscope objective resolution.The major problem with synthetic aperture LOFI is the photometric balance which degrades with the defocus during raw recording (the coupling of the reinjected electric field with the laser cavity acts as a confocal pinhole) limiting the accessible lattitude of numerical refocusing. This problem coupled with parasitic reinjected photons from reflection on all interfaces (lenses, mirrors) before the target prevents the system from reaching the shot noise limit. To handle this problem, a system coupling the LOFI and an the acoustic tagging [4] is proposed. In this setup only photons tagged (by an acoustical transducer) just before the target are taken into account, leading to an elimination of this parasitic echoes (fig. 1c) restoring the LOFI full sensitivity.
Sponsorship	Eur. Phys. Soc.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	1
File Size	120428
Page Count	1
File Format	PDF
e-ISBN	9781479905942
DOI	10.1109/CLEOE-IQEC.2013.6801221
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-05-12
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Image resolution Sensitivity Optical feedback Laser noise Microscopy Photonics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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