NDLI: Material Preparation and optical properties of Ho-doped KPb2Cl5 and KPb2Br5 for applications as mid-IR gain media

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hommerich, U. Oyebola, O. Brown, E. Bluiett, A.G. Trivedi, S.B.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Hampton University, Department of Physics, Virginia 23668, USA (Hommerich, U.; Oyebola, O.; Brown, E.) \|\| Brimrose Corporation of America, Baltimore, Maryland 21152, USA (Trivedi, S.B.) \|\| Elizabeth City State University, Department of Physics and Chemistry, North Carolina, 27909, USA (Bluiett, A.G.)
Abstract	There continues to be great current interest in the development and characterization of solid state gain media for mid-IR lasers operating in the 3–5 µm region. $Ho^{3+}$ doped crystals and glasses with low maximum phonon energies provide an attractive class of gain media for the ∼3.9 µm region [1–3]. For example, Tabirian et al. [3] reported pulsed mid-IR lasing at 3.9 µm using a Ho: BaY2F8 (BYF) crystal. BYF has a maximum phonon energy of ∼ 415 $cm^{−1},$ which reduces non-radiative decay and improves the emission efficiency of the 3.9 µm laser transition $(^{5}I).$ In this work, comparative studies were performed on the material preparation and infrared spectroscopy of $Ho^{3+}-$ doped KPb2Cl5 (KPC) and KPb2Br5 (KPB) for applications as mid-IR gain media. KPC and KPB are non-hygroscopic crystals with narrow phonon spectra not exceeding ∼200 and ∼140 $cm^{−1},$ respectively. The maximum phonon energies of chloride and bromide crystals further reduce non-radiative relaxation compared to fluorides and enhance long wavelength IR emissions from trivalent rare-earth ions. The investigated Ho-doped KPC and KPB materials were synthesized through careful purification of commercial starting materials including directional freezing, zone-refinement, and halogination. The halogination process further removed oxidic impurities and enhanced the quality of the crystals. Under 890 nm laser excitation into the $^{5}I$ level, IR emissions centered at 1.2, 1.7, 2.0, 2.9, and 3.9 µm were observed in both crystals with transition assignments corresponding to $^{5}I,$ $^{5}I,$ $^{5}I,$ $^{5}I,$ and $^{5}I,$ respectively (fig. 1). Further spectroscopic studies were conducted on the 3.9 µm emission arising from the $^{5}I$ $Ho^{3+}$ transition. The Ho-doped KPC and KPB crystals showed a peak emission cross section of ∼ 0.6 × $10^{−20}$ $cm^{−2}$ at ∼3.96 µm, which is slightly lower than values reported for Ho-doped fluorides. However, the significantly longer $^{5}I$ emission lifetimes in the Ho-doped KPC and KPB crystals with values of ∼5.0 and 3.8 ms, respectively, resulted in higher σ-τ products compared to Ho-doped fluorides. The obtained spectroscopic results indicate that Ho: KPC and Ho: KPB are promising gain media for 3.9 µm laser applications.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	1
File Size	145849
Page Count	1
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781457705335
e-ISBN	9781457705328
DOI	10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942830
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-05-22
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Lasers
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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