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| Content Provider | IEEE Xplore Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Zeng, Jiabei Chu, Wen-Sheng Torre, Fernando De la Cohn, Jeffrey F. Xiong, Zhang |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Varied sources of error contribute to the challenge of facial action unit detection. Previous approaches address specific and known sources. However, many sources are unknown. To address the ubiquity of error, we propose a Confident Preserving Machine (CPM) that follows an easy-to-hard classification strategy. During training, CPM learns two confident classifiers. A confident positive classifier separates easily identified positive samples from all else, a confident negative classifier does same for negative samples. During testing, CPM then learns a person-specific classifier using "virtual labels" provided by confident classifiers. This step is achieved using a quasi-semi-supervised (QSS) approach. Hard samples are typically close to the decision boundary, and the QSS approach disambiguates them using spatio-temporal constraints. To evaluate CPM, we compared it with a baseline single-margin classifier and state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning, transfer learning, and boosting methods in three datasets of spontaneous facial behavior. With few exceptions, CPM outperformed baseline and state-of-the art methods. |
| Starting Page | 3622 |
| Ending Page | 3630 |
| File Size | 995985 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 23807504 |
| e-ISBN | 9781467383912 |
| DOI | 10.1109/ICCV.2015.413 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher Date | 2015-12-07 |
| Publisher Place | Chile |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Rights Holder | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subject Keyword | Training Gold Support vector machines Magnetic heads Manifolds Testing Boosting |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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