NDLI: SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles

Content Provider	Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Author	Alessandro Verde Maria Mangini Stefano Managò Chiara Tramontano Ilaria Rea Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani Anna Chiara De Luca
Abstract	Engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) find application in several fields related to human activities (i.e., food and cosmetic industry or water purification) including medicine, where they are employed for diagnosis, drug delivery and cancer therapy. As for any material/reagent for human use, the safety of AuNPs needs accurate evaluation. AuNPs are prone to contamination by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a potent elicitor of inflammatory responses in mammals. It is therefore important, when assessing AuNP immunosafety and immune-related effects, to discriminate between inflammatory effects intrinsic to the NPs from those caused by an undeliberate and undetected LPS contamination. Detection of LPS contamination in AuNP preparations poses different problems when using the current LPS detection assays, given the general interference of NPs, similar to other particulate agents, with the assay reagents and endpoints. This leads to time-consuming search for optimal assay conditions for every NP batch, with unpredictable results, and to the use in parallel of different assays, each with its weaknesses and unpredictability. Thus, the development of highly sensitive, quantitative and accurate assays able to detect of LPS on AuNPs is very important, in view of their medical applications. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a label-free, sensitive, chemical-specific, nondestructive and fast technique that can be used to directly obtain molecular fingerprint information and a quantitative analysis of LPS adsorbed on AuNPs. Within this study, we describe the use of SERS for the label-free identification and quantitative evaluation - down to few attograms - of the LPS adsorbed on the surface of 50 nm AuNPs. We thus propose SERS as an efficient tool to detect LPS on the AuNP surface, and as the basis for the development of a new sensitive and specific LPS-detection sensor based on the use of AuNPs and SERS.
e-ISSN	16643224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.758410
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Volume Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Publisher Date	2021-10-01
Publisher Place	Switzerland
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Immunologic Diseases. Allergy Sers Gold Nanoparticles Lps Biosensor Inflammation Innate Immunity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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