NDLI: Pleiotropic Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Immune System in Circadian Rhythm and Stress

Content Provider	Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Author	Akihiro Shimba Aki Ejima Koichi Ikuta
Abstract	Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. Their production is controlled by circadian rhythm and stress, the latter of which includes physical restraint, hunger, and inflammation. Importantly, GCs have various effects on immunity, metabolism, and cognition, including pleiotropic effects on the immune system. In general, GCs have strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Indeed, they suppress inflammatory cytokine expression and cell-mediated immunity, leading to increased risks of some infections. However, recent studies have shown that endogenous GCs induced by the diurnal cycle and dietary restriction enhance immune responses against some infections by promoting the survival, redistribution, and response of T and B cells via cytokine and chemokine receptors. Furthermore, although GCs are reported to reduce expression of Th2 cytokines, GCs enhance type 2 immunity and IL-17-associated immunity in some stress conditions. Taken together, GCs have both immunoenhancing and immunosuppressive effects on the immune system.
e-ISSN	16643224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.706951
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Volume Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Publisher Date	2021-10-01
Publisher Place	Switzerland
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Immunologic Diseases. Allergy Glucocorticoids Circadian Rhythm Stress Cell-mediated Immunity Il-7 Receptor
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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