NDLI: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Isotypes, and Neutralization Activity Against Viral Variants, According to BNT162b2-Vaccination and Infection History

Content Provider	Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Author	Alice Covizzi Maciej Tarkowski Wilco de Jager Marco Schiuma Alessia Lai Arianna Gabrieli Mario Corbellino Annalisa Bergna Carla Della Ventura Massimo Galli Agostino Riva Spinello Antinori
Abstract	PurposeTo compare SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific antibody production and plasma neutralizing capacity against B.1 wild-type-like strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants-of-concern, in subjects with different Covid-19 disease and vaccination histories.MethodsAdult subjects were: 1) Unvaccinated/hospitalized for Covid-19; 2) Covid-19-recovered followed by one BNT162b2 vaccine dose; and 3) Covid-19-naïve/2-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated. Multiplex Luminex® immunoassays measured IgG, IgA, and IgM plasma levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-1 (S), and nucleocapsid proteins. Neutralizing activity was determined in Vero E6 cytopathic assays.ResultsMaximum anti-RBD IgG levels were similar in Covid-19‑recovered individuals 8‒10 days after single-dose vaccination and in Covid-19-naïve subjects 7 days after 2nd vaccine dosing; both groups had ≈2‑fold higher anti-RBD IgG levels than Unvaccinated/Covid-19 subjects tracked through 2 weeks post-symptom onset. Anti-S IgG expression patterns were similar to RBD within each group, but with lower signal strengths. Viral antigen-specific IgA and IgM levels were more variable than IgG patterns. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulins were not detected in Covid-19-naïve subjects. Neutralizing activity against the B.1 strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants, was highest in Covid‑19-recovered/single-dose vaccinated subjects; although neutralization against the Delta variant in this group was only 26% compared to B.1 neutralization, absolute anti-Delta titers suggested maintained protection. Neutralizing titers against the Gamma and Delta variants were 33‒77% and 26‒67%, respectively, versus neutralization against the B.1 strain (100%) in the three groups.ConclusionThese findings support SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine usefulness regardless of Covid-19 history, and confirm remarkable protection provided by a single vaccine dose in people who have recovered from Covid-19.
e-ISSN	16643224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.793191
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Volume Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Publisher Date	2021-12-01
Publisher Place	Switzerland
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Immunologic Diseases. Allergy Sars-cov-2 Covid-19 Coronavirus Multiplex Immunoassay Bead Fluorescence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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