NDLI: Design, Fabrication and Testing of an Apparatus for Material Compatibility Testing in Nitrate Salts at Temperatures Up to 700°C

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	David, D. Gill Nathan, P. Siegel Robert, W. Bradshaw Clifford, K. Ho
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Thermal energy storage is one of the key differentiators between Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and other renewable energy technologies. Molten salt is an effective and affordable method of storing thermal energy. Current salt storage systems charge at temperatures between 390°C and 585°C (oil filled parabolic trough systems to molten salt towers). It is highly desirable to increase the operating temperature of salt storage systems in order to increase the efficiency of the power cycle and to permit the use of alternative, high-temperature cycles. However, higher salt temperatures cause increased reactivity and thus increased corrosion rates in many materials. In order to utilize molten salt at higher temperature, it is necessary to test and understand these corrosion interactions at elevated temperature. A corrosion test system has been designed and built for evaluating molten salt/material interactions to 700°C. The primary components of this system are several salt containment vessels that are constructed of 6″ dia. × 24″ long stainless steel, aluminum diffusion treated pipes with flat plate welded to one end and a flanged lid on the other. The vessels are designed to operate with a charge of 10 kg of molten salt and accommodate a “sample tree” on which corrosion test coupons may be suspended. The salt vessels are heated and insulated on the bottom half, roughly to the salt fill level, and cooled on the top half to protect the flange gasket and feedthrough ports. The samples trees have a stainless plate that reduces radiative heat transfer from the molten salt to the lid. Finite element analysis was performed to determine the pipe length and heating and cooling requirements to maintain molten salt at 700°C while limiting the lid gasket to 300°C or less. The vessels are designed to have an oxygen atmosphere in the ullage region to mitigate nitrate decomposition. Oxygen systems for operation at 700°C require careful design including the sizing, routing, cleanliness, and material selection of components in order to reduce risk of fire. Additionally, the system is designed to run at 1–2 psig which requires specialized low pressure / high temperature components. In this paper we present the design of the molten salt corrosion test system including details related to the containment vessels, oxygen handling system, and control software along with a discussion of the safety considerations necessary for these high temperature, high oxygen partial pressure tests.
Sponsorship	Advanced Energy Systems Division and Solar Energy Division
Starting Page	605
Ending Page	610
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9780791854686
DOI	10.1115/ES2011-54250
Volume Number	ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability
Language	English
Publisher Date	2011-08-07
Publisher Place	Washington, DC, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Cycles Temperature Containment vessels Flat plates Aluminum Computer software Thermal energy storage High temperature Design Manufacturing Safety Heating and cooling Radiative heat transfer Testing Oxygen Vessels Thermodynamic power cycles Flanges Parabolic troughs Pressure Diffusion (physics) Thermal energy Fire risk Storage Gates (closures) Corrosion Renewable energy Gaskets Concentrating solar power Stainless steel Finite element analysis Pipes Operating temperature
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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