NDLI: Neutrophil extracellular traps entrap and kill Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto spirochetes and are not affected by Ixodes ricinus tick saliva.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Elmoualij, Benaissa Dupiereux, Ingrid Golovchenko, Maryna Dubois, Sophie Faccinetto, Céline Oury, Cécile Van Lerberghe, Pierre-Bernard Couvreur, Bernard Rudenko, Nataliia Menten-Dedoyart, Catherine Desmet, Christophe Baron, Frédéric Heinen, Ernst
Description	Country affiliation: Belgium Author Affiliation: Menten-Dedoyart C ( Laboratory of Human Histology-Centre de Recherche sur les Protéines Prion, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.)
Abstract	Lyme disease is caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. They are transmitted mainly by Ixodes ricinus ticks. After a few hours of infestation, neutrophils massively infiltrate the bite site. They can kill Borrelia via phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and hydrolytic enzymes. However, factors in tick saliva promote propagation of the bacteria in the host even in the presence of a large number of neutrophils. The neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) consists in the extrusion of the neutrophil's own DNA, forming traps that can retain and kill bacteria. The production of reactive oxygen species is apparently associated with the onset of NETs (NETosis). In this article, we describe NET formation at the tick bite site in vivo in mice. We show that Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto spirochetes become trapped and killed by NETs in humans and that the bacteria do not seem to release significant nucleases to evade this process. Saliva from I. ricinus did not affect NET formation by human neutrophils or its stability. However, it greatly decreased neutrophil reactive oxygen species production, suggesting that a strong decrease of hydrogen peroxide does not affect NET formation. Finally, round bodies trapped in NETs were observed, some of them staining as live bacteria. This observation could help contribute to a better understanding of the early steps of Borrelia invasion and erythema migrans formation after tick bite.
ISSN	00221767
e-ISSN	15506606
Journal	The Journal of Immunology
Issue Number	11
Volume Number	189
Language	English
Publisher	The American Association of Immunologists
Publisher Date	2012-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Arachnid Vectors Immunology Bites And Stings Borrelia Burgdorferi Group Physiology Glossitis, Benign Migratory Ixodes Lyme Disease Neutrophils Saliva Animals Microbiology Complications Pathology Mice Neutrophil Infiltration Metabolism Rabbits Reactive Oxygen Species Chemistry Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Immunology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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