NDLI: Protective effect of carnosic acid, a pro-electrophilic compound, in models of oxidative stress and light-induced retinal degeneration.

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Protective effect of carnosic acid, a pro-electrophilic compound, in models of oxidative stress and light-induced retinal degeneration.

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Protective effect of carnosic acid, a pro-electrophilic compound, in models of oxidative stress and light-induced retinal degeneration.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Rezaie, Tayebeh Seki, Masaaki Viswanath, Veena Kosaka, Kunio Valencia, Marcos Satoh, Takumi Chun, Teresa Tozawa, Terumasa McKercher, Scott R. Joshi, Rabina Sasaki, Shunsuke Wheeler, Larry Lipton, Stuart A.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Rezaie T ( Del E Web Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.)
Abstract	PURPOSE: The herb rosemary has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We have previously shown that carnosic acid (CA), present in rosemary extract, crosses the blood-brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects by upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. Here we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of CA in retinal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress and in a rat model of light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD). METHODS: Retina-derived cell lines ARPE-19 and 661W treated with hydrogen peroxide were used as in vitro models for testing the protective activity of CA. For in vivo testing, dark-adapted rats were given intraperitoneal injections of CA prior to exposure to white light to assess protection of the photoreceptor cells. Retinal damage was assessed by measuring outer nuclear layer thickness and by electroretinogram (ERG). RESULTS: In vitro, CA significantly protected retina-derived cell lines (ARPE-19 and 661W) against H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity. CA induced antioxidant phase 2 enzymes and reduced formation of hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin (Prx)2. Similarly, we found that CA protected retinas in vivo from LIRD, producing significant improvement in outer nuclear layer thickness and ERG activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CA may potentially have clinical application to diseases affecting the outer retina, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, in which oxidative stress is thought to contribute to disease progression.
ISSN	01460404
e-ISSN	15525783
DOI	10.1167/iovs.12-10793
Journal	Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	53
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Publisher Date	2012-11-27
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Diterpenes, Abietane Therapeutic Use Oxidative Stress Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate Drug Effects Plant Extracts Retinal Degeneration Prevention & Control Animals Antioxidants Blood-brain Barrier Cell Line Disease Models, Animal Disease Progression Electroretinography Adverse Effects Pathology Radiation Effects Rats, Sprague-dawley Etiology Metabolism Rosmarinus Comparative Study Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Ophthalmology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ophthalmology Sensory Systems Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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