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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Finnemann, Silvia C. Magrane, Jordi Gao, Junping Vollmer-snarr, Heidi R. Shiraz, Ashton K. Shirazi, Arash K. Anand, Monika Manfredi, Giovanni Vives-bauza, Cristofol |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Vives-Bauza C ( Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.) |
| Abstract | Accumulation of indigestible lipofuscin and decreased mitochondrial energy production are characteristic age-related changes of post-mitotic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the human eye. To test whether these two forms of age-related impairment have interdependent effects, we quantified the ATP-dependent phagocytic function of RPE cells loaded or not with the lipofuscin component A2E and inhibiting or not mitochondrial ATP synthesis either pharmacologically or genetically. We found that physiological levels of lysosomal A2E reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of RPE cells. Furthermore, in media with physiological concentrations of glucose or pyruvate, A2E significantly inhibited phagocytosis. Antioxidants reversed these effects of A2E, suggesting that A2E damage is mediated by oxidative processes. Because mitochondrial mutations accumulate with aging, we generated novel genetic cellular models of RPE carrying mitochondrial DNA point mutations causing either moderate or severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Exploring these mutant RPE cells we found that, by itself, only the severe but not the moderate OXPHOS defect reduces phagocytosis. However, sub-toxic levels of lysosomal A2E are sufficient to reduce phagocytic activity of RPE with moderate OXPHOS defect and cause cell death of RPE with severe OXPHOS defect. Taken together, RPE cells rely on OXPHOS for phagocytosis when the carbon energy source is limited. Our results demonstrate that A2E accumulation exacerbates the effects of moderate mitochondrial dysfunction. They suggest that synergy of sub-toxic lysosomal and mitochondrial changes in RPE cells with age may cause RPE dysfunction that is known to contribute to human retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration. |
| ISSN | 00219258 |
| e-ISSN | 1083351X |
| Journal | Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| Issue Number | 36 |
| Volume Number | 283 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (United States) |
| Publisher Date | 2008-09-05 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Aging Metabolism Lipofuscin Mitochondria Phagocytosis Pigment Epithelium Of Eye Pyridinium Compounds Retinoids Adenosine Triphosphate Genetics Pathology Animals Antioxidants Pharmacology Cell Death Drug Effects Cell Line DNA, Mitochondrial Epithelial Cells Glucose Lysosomes Macular Degeneration Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial Mitosis Oxidative Phosphorylation Point Mutation Pyruvic Acid Rats, Long-Evans Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Biochemistry Molecular Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology |
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