NDLI: On the role of macrophages in anthrax.

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On the role of macrophages in anthrax.

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On the role of macrophages in anthrax.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Acosta, D. Hanna, P. C. Collier, R. J.
Description	Author Affiliation: Hanna PC ( Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.);
Abstract	Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, produces systemic shock and death in susceptible animals, primarily through the action of its lethal toxin. This toxin, at high concentrations, induces lysis of macrophages in vitro but shows little or no effect on other cells. We found that when mice were specifically depleted of macrophages by silica injections, they became resistant to the toxin. Sensitivity could be restored by coinjection of toxin-sensitive cultured macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) but not by coinjection of other cell lines tested. These results implied that macrophages mediate the action of lethal toxin in vivo and led us to investigate their role in death of the mammalian host. Sublytic concentrations of lethal toxin, orders of magnitude lower than those required to induce lysis of RAW 264.7 cells, were found to induce these cells to express interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor in vitro. Passive immunization against IL-1 or injection of an IL-1 receptor antagonist protected mice from toxin challenge, whereas anti-tumor necrosis factor provided little, if any, protection. These results imply that systemic shock and death from anthrax result primarily from the effects of high levels of cytokines, principally IL-1, produced by macrophages that have been stimulated by the anthrax lethal toxin.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	21
Volume Number	90
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1993-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Anthrax Immunology Antigens, Bacterial Macrophages Physiology Animals Bacillus Anthracis Bacterial Toxins Toxicity CHO Cells Cell Line Cells, Cultured Cricetinae Immunization, Passive Interleukin-1 Lipopolysaccharides Drug Effects Transplantation Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Receptors, Interleukin-1 Antagonists & Inhibitors Salmonella Typhimurium Silicon Dioxide Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Biosynthesis Vero Cells Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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