NDLI: Mitochondrial DNA 'clock' for the Amerinds and its implications for timing their entry into North America.

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Mitochondrial DNA 'clock' for the Amerinds and its implications for timing their entry into North America.

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Mitochondrial DNA 'clock' for the Amerinds and its implications for timing their entry into North America.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wallace, D. C. Schurr, T. G. Neel, J. V. Barrantes, R. Torroni, A.
Spatial Coverage	North America
Description	Author Affiliation: Torroni A ( Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.);
Abstract	Students of the time of entry of the ancestors of the Amerinds into the New World are divided into two camps, one favoring an 'early' entry [more than approximately 30,000 years before the present (YBP)], the other favoring a 'late' entry (less than approximately 13,000 YBP). An 'intermediate' date is unlikely for geological reasons. The correlation of the appropriate data on mtDNA variation in Amerinds with linguistic, archaeological, and genetic data offers the possibility of establishing a time frame for mtDNA evolution in Amerinds. In this paper, we estimate that the separation of the Chibcha-speaking tribes of Central America from other linguistic groups/nascent tribes began approximately 8000-10,000 YBP. Characterization of the mtDNA of 110 Chibcha speakers with 14 restriction enzymes leads on the basis of their time depth to an estimated mtDNA nucleotide substitution rate for Amerinds of 0.022-0.029% per 10,000 years. As a first application of this rate, we consider the mtDNA variation observed in 18 Amerind tribes widely dispersed throughout the Americas and studied by ourselves with the same techniques, and we estimate that if the Amerinds entered the New World as a single group, that entry occurred approximately 22,000-29,000 YBP. This estimate carries a large but indeterminate error. The mtDNA data are thus at present equivocal with respect to the most likely times of entry of the Amerind into the New World mentioned above but favor the 'early' entry hypothesis.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	91
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1994-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biological Evolution DNA, Mitochondrial Genetics Indians, North American Anthropology Genetic Variation Genetics, Population Haplotypes North America Phylogeny Time Factors Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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