NDLI: Asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding Native American mtDNAs.

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Asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding Native American mtDNAs.

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Asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding Native American mtDNAs.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wallace, D. C. Vullo, C. M. Brown, M. D. Smith, D. G. Schurr, T. G. Torroni, A. Neel, J. V. Larsen, M. Cabell, M. F.
Spatial Coverage	Americas Siberia
Description	Author Affiliation: Torroni A ( Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.)
Abstract	The mtDNA variation of 321 individuals from 17 Native American populations was examined by high-resolution restriction endonuclease analysis. All mtDNAs were amplified from a variety of sources by using PCR. The mtDNA of a subset of 38 of these individuals was also analyzed by D-loop sequencing. The resulting data were combined with previous mtDNA data from five other Native American tribes, as well as with data from a variety of Asian populations, and were used to deduce the phylogenetic relationships between mtDNAs and to estimate sequence divergences. This analysis revealed the presence of four haplotype groups (haplogroups A, B, C, and D) in the Amerind, but only one haplogroup (A) in the Na-Dene, and confirmed the independent origins of the Amerinds and the Na-Dene. Further, each haplogroup appeared to have been founded by a single mtDNA haplotype, a result which is consistent with a hypothesized founder effect. Most of the variation within haplogroups was tribal specific, that is, it occurred as tribal private polymorphisms. These observations suggest that the process of tribalization began early in the history of the Amerinds, with relatively little intertribal genetic exchange occurring subsequently. The sequencing of 341 nucleotides in the mtDNA D-loop revealed that the D-loop sequence variation correlated strongly with the four haplogroups defined by restriction analysis, and it indicated that the D-loop variation, like the haplotype variation, arose predominantly after the migration of the ancestral Amerinds across the Bering land bridge.
ISSN	00029297
e-ISSN	15376605
Journal	The American Journal of Human Genetics
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	53
Language	English
Publisher	Cell Press (on behalf of American Society of Human Genetics)
Publisher Date	1993-09-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Dna, Mitochondrial Genetics Genetic Variation Indians, Central American Indians, North American Indians, South American Dna Fingerprinting Dna Restriction Enzymes Haplotypes Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Genetic Sequence Analysis, Dna Sequence Deletion Siberia Time Factors Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Research Support, U.s. Gov't, P.h.s. Discipline Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Genetics (clinical)

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