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Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles.

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Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Schäfer, M. K. Erickson, J. D. Eiden, L. E. Tao-cheng, J. H. Weihe, E.
Description	Author Affiliation: Weihe E ( Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.);
Abstract	Immunohistochemical visualization of the rat vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in cholinergic neurons and nerve terminals has been compared to that for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), heretofore the most specific marker for cholinergic neurons. VAChT-positive cell bodies were visualized in cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, medial habenula, striatum, brain stem, and spinal cord by using a polyclonal anti-VAChT antiserum. VAChT-immuno-reactive fibers and terminals were also visualized in these regions and in hippocampus, at neuromuscular junctions within skeletal muscle, and in sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic ganglia and target tissues. Cholinergic nerve terminals contain more VAChT than ChAT immunoreactivity after routine fixation, consistent with a concentration of VAChT within terminal neuronal arborizations in which secretory vesicles are clustered. These include VAChT-positive terminals of the median eminence or the hypothalamus, not observed with ChAT antiserum after routine fixation. Subcellular localization of VAChT in specific organelles in neuronal cells was examined by immunoelectron microscopy in a rat neuronal cell line (PC 12-c4) expressing VAChT as well as the endocrine and neuronal forms of the vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT1 and VMAT2). VAChT is targeted to small synaptic vesicles, while VMAT1 is found mainly but not exclusively on large dense-core vesicles. VMAT2 is found on large dense-core vesicles but not on the small synaptic vesicles that contain VAChT in PC12-c4 cells, despite the presence of VMAT2 immunoreactivity in central and peripheral nerve terminals known to contain monoamines in small synaptic vesicles. Thus, VAChT and VMAT2 may be specific markers for 'cholinergic' and 'adrenergic' small synaptic vesicles, with the latter not expressed in nonstimulated neuronally differentiated PC12-c4 cells.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	93
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1996-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Acetylcholine Metabolism Carrier Proteins Cholinergic Fibers Membrane Transport Proteins Nerve Endings Neuropeptides Synaptic Vesicles Vesicular Transport Proteins Animals Biological Markers Brain Anatomy & Histology Choline O-Acetyltransferase Immunohistochemistry Membrane Glycoproteins Microscopy, Immunoelectron PC12 Cells Tissue Distribution Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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