NDLI: Two-dimensional confocal images of organization, density, and gating of focal $Ca^{2+}$ release sites in rat cardiac myocytes

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Two-dimensional confocal images of organization, density, and gating of focal $Ca^{2+}$ release sites in rat cardiac myocytes

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Two-dimensional confocal images of organization, density, and gating of focal $Ca^{2+}$ release sites in rat cardiac myocytes

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Cleemann, L. Wang, W. Morad, M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Cleemann L ( Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.);
Abstract	In cardiac myocytes Ca2+ cross-signaling between Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors takes place by exchange of Ca2+ signals in microdomains surrounding dyadic junctions, allowing first the activation and then the inactivation of the two Ca2+-transporting proteins. To explore the details of Ca2+ signaling between the two sets of receptors we measured the two-dimensional cellular distribution of Ca2+ at 240 Hz by using a novel confocal imaging technique. Ca2+ channel-triggered Ca2+ transients could be resolved into dynamic 'Ca2+ stripes' composed of hundreds of discrete focal Ca2+ releases, appearing as bright fluorescence spots (radius congruent with 0.5 micrometer) at reproducible sites, which often coincided with t-tubules as visualized with fluorescent staining of the cell membrane. Focal Ca2+ releases triggered stochastically by Ca2+ current (ICa) changed little in duration ( congruent with7 ms) and size (congruent with100,000 Ca ions) between -40 and +60 mV, but their frequency of activation and first latency mirrored the kinetics and voltage dependence of ICa. The resolution of 0.95 +/- 0. 13 reproducible focal Ca2+ release sites per micrometer3 in highly Ca2+-buffered cells, where diffusion of Ca2+ is limited to 50 nm, suggests the presence of about one independent, functional Ca2+ release site per half sarcomere. The density and distribution of Ca2+ release sites suggest they correspond to dyadic junctions. The abrupt onset and termination of focal Ca2+ releases indicate that the cluster of ryanodine receptors in individual dyadic junctions may operate in a coordinated fashion.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	18
Volume Number	95
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1998-09-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Calcium Channels Metabolism Calcium Heart Ventricles Microscopy, Confocal Animals Cells, Cultured Cytology Ion Channel Gating Kinetics Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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