NDLI: The evolutionary history of chromosomal super-integrons provides an ancestry for multiresistant integrons.

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The evolutionary history of chromosomal super-integrons provides an ancestry for multiresistant integrons.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Ploncard, P. Rowe-magnus, D. A. Mazel, D. Guerout, A. M. Davies, J. Dychinco, B.
Description	Author Affiliation: Rowe-Magnus DA ( Unité de Programmation Moléculaire et Toxicologie Génétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 1444, Département des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France.);
Abstract	Integrons are genetic elements that acquire and exchange exogenous DNA, known as gene cassettes, by a site-specific recombination mechanism. Characterized gene cassettes consist of a target recombination sequence (attC site) usually associated with a single open reading frame coding for an antibiotic resistance determinant. The affiliation of multiresistant integrons (MRIs), which contain various combinations of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, with transferable elements underlies the rapid evolution of multidrug resistance among diverse Gram-negative bacteria. Yet the origin of MRIs remains unknown. Recently, a chromosomal super-integron (SI) harboring hundreds of cassettes was identified in the Vibrio cholerae genome. Here, we demonstrate that the activity of its associated integrase is identical to that of the MRI integrase, IntI1. We have also identified equivalent integron superstructures in nine distinct genera throughout the gamma-proteobacterial radiation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolutionary history of the system paralleled that of the radiation, indicating that integrons are ancient structures. The attC sites of the 63 antibiotic-resistance gene cassettes identified thus far in MRIs are highly variable. Strikingly, one-fifth of these were virtually identical to the highly related yet species-specific attC sites of the SIs described here. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance homologues were identified among the thousands of genes entrapped by these SIs. Because the gene cassettes of SIs are substrates for MRIs, these data identify SIs as the source of contemporary MRIs and their cassettes. However, our demonstration of the metabolic functions, beyond antibiotic resistance and virulence, of three distinct SI gene cassettes indicates that integrons function as a general gene-capture system for bacterial innovation.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	98
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2001-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Drug Resistance, Microbial Genetics Evolution, Molecular Genome, Bacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria Alteromonas Attachment Sites, Microbiological Genes, Bacterial Classification Integrases Physiology Molecular Sequence Data Nitrosomonas Phylogeny Recombination, Genetic Shewanella Transformation, Bacterial Vibrio Vibrionaceae Xanthomonas Campestris Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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