| Author |
Zhou, Qing Deng, Xing Wang Yang, Guangmei Huang, Xiao Hua Wang, Lihong Wei, Hai Yan Cai, Chen Xin Li, Xiaodong Li, Jigang Lu, Tian Hong Zhang, Zhao Ding, Xiao Lan |
| Description |
Author Affiliation: Wang L ( Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China); Li J ( Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, and National Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China); Zhou Q ( State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China); Yang G ( Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and.); Ding XL ( Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China); Li X ( Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and.); Cai CX ( Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and.); Zhang Z ( Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China); Wei HY ( Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and.); Lu TH ( Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.); Deng XW ( Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, and National Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China); Huang XH ( Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and deng@pku.edu.cn huangxiaohuanjnu@yahoo.com.); |
| Abstract |
It has long been observed that rare earth elements (REEs) regulate multiple facets of plant growth and development. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, using electron microscopic autoradiography, we show the life cycle of a light REE (lanthanum) and a heavy REE (terbium) in horseradish leaf cells. Our data indicate that REEs were first anchored on the plasma membrane in the form of nanoscale particles, and then entered the cells by endocytosis. Consistently, REEs activated endocytosis in plant cells, which may be the cellular basis of REE actions in plants. Moreover, we discovered that a portion of REEs was successively released into the cytoplasm, self-assembled to form nanoscale clusters, and finally deposited in horseradish leaf cells. Taken together, our data reveal the life cycle of REEs and their cellular behaviors in plant cells, which shed light on the cellular mechanisms of REE actions in living organisms. |
