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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Schubotz, Florence Klein, Frieder Guo, Weifu Humphris, Susan E. Schwarzenbach, Esther M. Orsi, William D. |
| Spatial Coverage | Atlantic Ocean |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Klein F ( Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543); Humphris SE ( Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543); Guo W ( Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543); Schubotz F ( Department of Geosciences and Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany); Schwarzenbach EM ( Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061.); Orsi WD ( Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543); |
| Abstract | Subseafloor mixing of reduced hydrothermal fluids with seawater is believed to provide the energy and substrates needed to support deep chemolithoautotrophic life in the hydrated oceanic mantle (i.e., serpentinite). However, geosphere-biosphere interactions in serpentinite-hosted subseafloor mixing zones remain poorly constrained. Here we examine fossil microbial communities and fluid mixing processes in the subseafloor of a Cretaceous Lost City-type hydrothermal system at the magma-poor passive Iberia Margin (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 149, Hole 897D). Brucite-calcite mineral assemblages precipitated from mixed fluids ca. 65 m below the Cretaceous paleo-seafloor at temperatures of 31.7 ± 4.3 °C within steep chemical gradients between weathered, carbonate-rich serpentinite breccia and serpentinite. Mixing of oxidized seawater and strongly reducing hydrothermal fluid at moderate temperatures created conditions capable of supporting microbial activity. Dense microbial colonies are fossilized in brucite-calcite veins that are strongly enriched in organic carbon (up to 0.5 wt.% of the total carbon) but depleted in (13)C (δ(13)C(TOC) = -19.4 ). We detected a combination of bacterial diether lipid biomarkers, archaeol, and archaeal tetraethers analogous to those found in carbonate chimneys at the active Lost City hydrothermal field. The exposure of mantle rocks to seawater during the breakup of Pangaea fueled chemolithoautotrophic microbial communities at the Iberia Margin, possibly before the onset of seafloor spreading. Lost City-type serpentinization systems have been discovered at midocean ridges, in forearc settings of subduction zones, and at continental margins. It appears that, wherever they occur, they can support microbial life, even in deep subseafloor environments. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 39 |
| Volume Number | 112 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2015-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Chemoautotrophic Growth Physiology Fossils Hydrothermal Vents Microbiota Seawater Chemistry Atlantic Ocean Biomass Calcium Carbonate Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Magnesium Hydroxide Mass Spectrometry Paleontology Microbiology Temperature Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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