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Uptake and toxicity of arsenite and arsenate in cultured brain astrocytes.

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Uptake and toxicity of arsenite and arsenate in cultured brain astrocytes.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Koehler, Yvonne Luther, Eva Maria Meyer, Soeren Schwerdtle, Tanja Dringen, Ralf
Description	Country affiliation: Germany Author Affiliation: Koehler Y ( Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany); Luther EM ( Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany); Meyer S ( Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany); Schwerdtle T ( Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.); Dringen R ( Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany)
Abstract	Inorganic arsenicals are environmental toxins that have been connected with neuropathies and impaired cognitive functions. To investigate whether such substances accumulate in brain astrocytes and affect their viability and glutathione metabolism, we have exposed cultured primary astrocytes to arsenite or arsenate. Both arsenicals compromised the cell viability of astrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. However, the early onset of cell toxicity in arsenite-treated astrocytes revealed the higher toxic potential of arsenite compared with arsenate. The concentrations of arsenite and arsenate that caused within 24h half-maximal release of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase were around 0.3mM and 10mM, respectively. The cellular arsenic contents of astrocytes increased rapidly upon exposure to arsenite or arsenate and reached after 4h of incubation almost constant steady state levels. These levels were about 3-times higher in astrocytes that had been exposed to a given concentration of arsenite compared with the respective arsenate condition. Analysis of the intracellular arsenic species revealed that almost exclusively arsenite was present in viable astrocytes that had been exposed to either arsenate or arsenite. The emerging toxicity of arsenite 4h after exposure was accompanied by a loss in cellular total glutathione and by an increase in the cellular glutathione disulfide content. These data suggest that the high arsenite content of astrocytes that had been exposed to inorganic arsenicals causes an increase in the ratio of glutathione disulfide to glutathione which contributes to the toxic potential of these substances.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0946672X
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	28
e-ISSN	18783252
Journal	Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2014-07-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Metabolism Discipline Environmental Health Arsenates Toxicity Arsenites Astrocytes Drug Effects Brain Cytology Animals Metabolism Cell Survival Cells, Cultured Rats Rats, Wistar Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Molecular Medicine Inorganic Chemistry

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Effect of sulfide on the cytotoxicity of arsenite and arsenate in human hepatocytes (HepG2) and human urothelial cells (UROtsa).

Bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in Daphnia magna exposed to arsenite and arsenate

p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases activations have opposite effects on primary-cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons exposed to sodium arsenite.

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Metrifonate, like acetylcholine, up-regulates neurotrophic activity of cultured rat astrocytes.

Differential expression of microRNAs by arsenate and arsenite stress in natural accessions of rice.

Effect of pleiotrophin on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons.

Uptake and toxicity of arsenite and arsenate in cultured brain astrocytes.

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Uptake and toxicity of arsenite and arsenate in cultured brain astrocytes.