NDLI: Acute toxicity of acidity in larvae and adults of four stream salamander species (Plethodontidae).

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Acute toxicity of acidity in larvae and adults of four stream salamander species (Plethodontidae).

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Acute toxicity of acidity in larvae and adults of four stream salamander species (Plethodontidae).

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Green, Linda E. Peloquin, Jennifer E.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Green LE ( Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328, USA. linda.green@biology.gatech.edu)
Abstract	High levels of acid deposition have severely affected streamwater chemistry in the southern Appalachians. Plethodontid stream salamanders living in and around headwater streams rely on cutaneous respiration and are highly susceptible to changes in water quality. We examined the sensitivity to low pH conditions in four stream salamanders by monitoring the response to six pH treatments ranging from pH 2.75 to 6.5. To quantify acid tolerance, we determined median lethal concentrations (LC50) in 96-h laboratory bioassays. This is the first study to quantify the level of sensitivity of stream salamanders to acidic conditions, indicating that stream salamanders are acid tolerant compared with many other lotic organisms. We found that acid tolerance is a species-specific trait with intraspecific variation shaped by life stage and body size. Mortality occurred at pH levels less than 4.2. The acid sensitivity of Desmognathus quadramaculatus larvae (LC50 = pH 3.95) was highest compared to sensitivity of Eurycea cirrigera larvae (LC50 = 3.6), Gyrinophilus porphyriticus larvae (LC50 = 3.5), and Pseudotriton ruber larvae (LC50 = 3.5). Larval survival was lower than adult survival in low pH treatments for E. cirrigera (adult LC50 = 3.1) and D. quadramaculatus (adult LC50 = 3.5). Salamanders responded to sublethal exposure to acidity with lethargic movements and decreased swimming speed. These results suggest that episodic acid events that cause streamwater pH to drop near 4.2 may cause mortality or induce sublethal effects, such as slower swimming speed. Because salamander larvae are more sensitive to acidic conditions than adults, we recommend that population monitoring programs extend methodology to include reliable estimates of larval population sizes.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	11
Volume Number	27
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2008-11-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Toxicity Tests, Acute Lethal Dose 50 Metabolism Drug Effects Urodela Journal Article Animals Larva Discipline Chemistry Hydrogen-ion Concentration
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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