NDLI: Normal breathing pattern and arterial blood gases in awake and sleeping goats after near total destruction of the presumed pre-Bötzinger complex and the surrounding region

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Krause, K. L. Forster, H. V. Kiner, T. Davis, S. E. Bonis, J. M. Qian, B. Pan, L. G.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Krause KL ( Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. klkrause@mcw.edu)
Abstract	Abrupt neurotoxic destruction of >70% of the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötzC) in awake goats results in respiratory and cardiac failure (Wenninger JM, Pan LG, Klum L, Leekley T, Bastastic J, Hodges MR, Feroah TR, Davis S, Forster HV. J Appl Physiol 97: 1629-1636, 2004). However, in reduced preparations, rhythmic respiratory activity has been found in other areas of the brain stem (Huang Q, St. John WM. J Appl Physiol 64: 1405-1411, 1988; Janczewski WA, Feldman JL. J Physiol 570: 407-420, 2006; Lieske SP, Thoby-Brisson M, Telgkamo P, Ramierz JM. Nature Neurosci 3: 600-607, 2000; St. John WM, Bledsoe TA. J Appl Physiol 59: 684-690, 1985); thus we hypothesized that, when the preBötzC is destroyed incrementally over weeks, time-dependent plasticity within the respiratory network will result in a respiratory rhythm capable of maintaining normal blood gases. Microtubules were bilaterally implanted into the presumed preBötzC of seven goats. After recovery from surgery, studies were completed to establish baseline values for respiratory parameters. At weekly intervals, increasing volumes (in order 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 microl) of ibotenic acid (IA; 50 mM) were then injected into the preBötzC. All IA injections resulted in an acute tachypnea and dysrhythmia featuring augmented breaths, apneas, and increased breath-to-breath variation in breathing. In studies at night, apneas were nearly all central and occurred in the awake state. Breath-to-breath variation in breathing was greater (P < 0.05) during wakefulness than during non-rapid eye movement sleep. However, one week after the final IA injection, the breathing pattern, breath-to-breath variation, and arterial blood gases and pH were unchanged from baseline, but there was a 20% decrease in respiratory frequency (f) and CO(2) sensitivity (P < 0.05), as well as a 40% decrease in the ventilatory response to hypoxia (P < 0.001). In subsequent histological analysis of the presumed preBötzC region of lesioned goats, it was determined that there was a 90 and 92% reduction from control goats in total and neurokinin-1 receptor neurons, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that 1) the dysrhythmic effects on breathing are state dependent; and 2) after incremental, near total destruction of the presumed preBötzC region, time-dependent plasticity within the respiratory network provides a rhythm capable of sustaining normal arterial blood gases.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	87507587
e-ISSN	15221601
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.90966.2008
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	106
Language	English
Publisher	American Physiological Society
Publisher Date	2009-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physiology Carbon Dioxide Blood Nerve Degeneration Physiopathology Neuronal Plasticity Oxygen Respiratory Center Respiratory Mechanics Wakefulness Adaptation, Physiological Animals Blood Pressure Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists Administration & Dosage Hydrogen-ion Concentration Ibotenic Acid Injections Models, Animal Chemically Induced Pathology Periodicity Pulmonary Ventilation Drug Effects Time Factors Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s.
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Physiology (medical) Sports Science

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Normal breathing pattern and arterial blood gases in awake and sleeping goats after near total destruction of the presumed pre-Bötzinger complex and the surrounding region

Site-specific effects on respiratory rhythm and pattern of ibotenic acid injections in the pontine respiratory group of goats.

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The pontine respiratory group, particularly the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, mediates phases of the hypoxic ventilatory response in unanesthetized goats

Normal breathing pattern and arterial blood gases in awake and sleeping goats after near total destruction of the presumed pre-Bötzinger complex and the surrounding region

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