NDLI: Decompression to altitude: assumptions, experimental evidence, and future directions.

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Decompression to altitude: assumptions, experimental evidence, and future directions.

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Commentaries on viewpoint: evidence that reduced skeletal muscle recruitment explains the lactate paradox during exercise at high altitude.

Last word on viewpoint: evidence that reduced skeletal muscle recruitment explains the lactate paradox during exercise at high altitude.

Is a progressive recruitment of muscle fibers required for the development of the slow component of VO2 kinetics?

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Decompression to altitude: assumptions, experimental evidence, and future directions.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Foster, Philip P. Butler, Bruce D.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Foster PP ( Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0561, USA. ppfoster@utmb.edu)
Abstract	Although differences exist, hypobaric and hyperbaric exposures share common physiological, biochemical, and clinical features, and their comparison may provide further insight into the mechanisms of decompression stress. Although altitude decompression illness (DCI) has been experienced by high-altitude Air Force pilots and is common in ground-based experiments simulating decompression profiles of extravehicular activities (EVAs) or astronauts' space walks, no case has been reported during actual EVAs in the non-weight-bearing microgravity environment of orbital space missions. We are uncertain whether gravity influences decompression outcomes via nitrogen tissue washout or via alterations related to skeletal muscle activity. However, robust experimental evidence demonstrated the role of skeletal muscle exercise, activities, and/or movement in bubble formation and DCI occurrence. Dualism of effects of exercise, positive or negative, on bubble formation and DCI is a striking feature in hypobaric exposure. Therefore, the discussion and the structure of this review are centered on those highlighted unresolved topics about the relationship between muscle activity, decompression, and microgravity. This article also provides, in the context of altitude decompression, an overview of the role of denitrogenation, metabolic gases, gas micronuclei, stabilization of bubbles, biochemical pathways activated by bubbles, nitric oxide, oxygen, anthropometric or physiological variables, Doppler-detectable bubbles, and potential arterialization of bubbles. These findings and uncertainties will produce further physiological challenges to solve in order to line up for the programmed human return to the Moon, the preparation for human exploration of Mars, and the EVAs implementation in a non-zero gravity environment.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	87507587
e-ISSN	15221601
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	106
Language	English
Publisher	American Physiological Society
Publisher Date	2009-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physiology Decompression Sickness Blood Decompression Embolism, Air Nitrogen Oxygen Space Flight Weightlessness Adverse Effects Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Etiology Prevention & Control Gait Hyperbaric Oxygenation Models, Biological Muscle Contraction Muscle, Skeletal Metabolism Physiopathology Nitric Oxide Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Posture Ultrasonography, Doppler
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Physiology (medical) Sports Science

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