NDLI: Dermal exposure to methamphetamine hydrochloride contaminated residential surfaces: surface pH values, volatility, and in vitro human skin.

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Dermal exposure to methamphetamine hydrochloride contaminated residential surfaces: surface pH values, volatility, and in vitro human skin.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Salocks, Charles B. Hui, Xiaoying Lamel, Sonia Qiao, Peter Sanborn, James R. Maibach, Howard I.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Salocks CB ( California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Integrated Risk Assessment Branch, Sacramento, CA 95812, United States.)
Abstract	This study evaluated pH effects on [(14)C] d-methamphetamine hydrochloride ([(14)C]-meth HCl) percutaneous penetration in vitro and volatility and stability in aqueous solution, on solid surface, or human skin using the finite dose technique and flow through diffusion cells. Results show that when the pH level exceeds 4 or 5, the nonvolatile [(14)C]-meth HCl salt becomes unstable, likely converting to its volatile freebase form. Additionally, contaminated smooth, dense surfaces retain and transfer more [(14)C]-meth HCl than those with rough, loose surfaces, especially under acidic conditions. Skin surface pH is a critical factor affecting the rate and magnitude of dermal absorption. [(14)C]-Meth HCl penetrates into and through the human cadaver skin quickly following exposure. [(14)C]-Meth HCl retained in the skin layer is released into the receptor fluid even if the contact material has been removed. Future exploration of decontaminant and removal procedure efficacies and their effect on dermal penetration of [(14)C]-meth HCl is recommended.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02786915
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	50
e-ISSN	18736351
Journal	Food and Chemical Toxicology
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2012-12-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Toxicology__semicolon__nutritional Discipline Sciences Methamphetamine Pharmacokinetics Skin Absorption Skin Drug Effects Administration, Cutaneous Adolescent Adult Aged Diffusion Dose-response Relationship, Drug Environmental Exposure Female Humans Hydrogen-ion Concentration Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Surface Properties Volatilization Young Adult Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Toxicology Food Science

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