NDLI: Development and validation of a questionnaire to determine medical orders non-adherence: a sequential exploratory mixed-method study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid Nakhaee, Nouzar Mehrolhassani, Mohammad Hossein Naghavi, Soheila Homaie Rad, Enayatollah
Abstract	Background Patients’ non-adherence with medical orders of physicians in outpatient clinics can lead to reduced clinical effectiveness, inadequate treatment, and increased medical care expenses. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire to determine the reasons for patients’ non-adherence with physicians’ medical orders. Methods A sequential exploratory mixed-method study was conducted in two stages. The first stage comprised a qualitative stage to generate the primary items of the questionnaire. This stage provided findings of two sub-stages comprising a literature review and the findings of a qualitative conventional content analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews held with patients, physicians, and managers of the outpatient clinics in Kerman, an area located in southeastern Iran. The second stage comprised a quantitative study aiming evaluation of the instrument psychometric properties, including the face, content, construct, and reliability assessment of the questionnaire. Construct validity assessment was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The reliability assessment was done using assessing internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). To assess the construct validity of the questionnaire, four hundred and forty patients referred to outpatient clinics in Kerman were selected using stratified convenience sampling to fill out the questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 and Stata version 14, respectively. Results The primary items contained 57 items, of which 42 met the minimum acceptable value of 0.78 for item-level content validity index (I-CVI = 1 for 24 items and I-CVI = 0.8 for 18 items). Item-level content validity ratio (I-CVR) was confirmed for 18 items with a minimum acceptable value of 0.99 for five experts. Finally, 18 items obtained the acceptable value for both I-CVI and I-CVR indicators and were confirmed. Using EFA, four factors (intrapersonal-psychological, intrapersonal-cognitive, provider-related, and socio-economic reasons) with 18 items and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.70, 0.66, 0.73, and 0.71, respectively, were identified and explained 51% of the variance. The reliability of the questionnaire (r = 0.70) was confirmed. Conclusion The questionnaire with four dimensions is a valid and reliable instrument that can help determine the perceived reasons for non-adherence with medical orders in the outpatient services system.
Related Links	https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-021-06147-3.pdf
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14726963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-021-06147-3
Journal	BMC Health Services Research
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	21
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-02-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Health Administration Health Informatics Nursing Research Non-adherence Prescriptions Ambulatory care facilities Instrument development Psychometric evaluation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health Policy

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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