NDLI: Donor–Acceptor–Donor Modular Small Organic Molecules Based on the Naphthalene Diimide Acceptor Unit for Solution-Processable Photovoltaic Devices

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Patil, Hemlata Gupta, Akhil Bilic, Ante Jackson, Sam Leslie Latham, Kay Bhosale, Sheshanath V.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Two novel solution-processable small organic molecules, 4,9-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,7-dioctylbenzo[3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (S6) and 4,9-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-2,7-dioctylbenzo[3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8 (2H,7H)-tetraone (S7), have been successfully designed, synthesized, characterized, and applied in solution-processable photovoltaic devices. S6 and S7 contain a common electron-accepting moiety, naphthalene diimide (NDI), with different electron-donating moieties, triphenylamine (S6) and benzothiophene (S7), and are based on a donor–acceptor–donor structure. S7 was isolated as black, rod-shaped crystals. Its triclinic structure was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD): space group $$P\bar{1}$$ , Z = 2, a = 9.434(5) Å, b = 14.460(7) Å, c = 15.359(8) Å, α = 67.256(9) degrees, β = 80.356(11) degrees, γ = 76.618(10) degrees, at 150 Kelvin (K), R = 0.073. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra revealed that use of triphenylamine donor functionality with the NDI acceptor unit resulted in an enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition and reduction of the optical band gap compared with the benzothiophene analogue. Solution-processable inverted bulk heterojunction devices with the structure indium tin oxide/zinc oxide (30 nm)/active layer/molybdenum trioxide (10 nm)/silver (100 nm) were fabricated with S6 and S7 as donors and (6,6)-phenyl C$_{70}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PC$_{70}$BM) as acceptor. Power conversion efficiencies of 0.22% for S6/PC$_{70}$BM and 0.10% for S7/PC$_{70}$BM were achieved for the preliminary photovoltaic devices under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm$^{−2}$). This paper reports donor–acceptor–donor modular small organic molecules, with NDI as central accepting unit, that have been screened for use in solution-processable inverted photovoltaic devices.
Starting Page	3243
Ending Page	3254
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03615235
Journal	Journal of Electronic Materials
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	1543186X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-06-03
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Donor–acceptor–donor naphthalene diimide solution-processable bulk heterojunction solar cells Optical and Electronic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation Solid State Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Chemistry Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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