NDLI: EELS compositional and valence mapping in iron fluoride

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Al Sharab, Jafar F. Bentley, James Badway, Fadwa Amatucci, Glenn G. Cosandey, Frederic
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Iron fluoride–carbon nanocomposites (FeF$_{2}$–C and FeF$_{3}$–C) are newly developed materials for positive electrodes in Li–ion batteries. These new composites represent high-capacity and reversible conversion electrode materials with capacity close to theoretical value and four times that of lithium cobalt oxide; the most widely used compounds as positive electrode. In this paper, we report detailed chemical and structural analysis of FeF$_{2}$–C nanocomposite electrode at different discharge states. The FeF$_{2}$–C nanocomposite was prepared by high-energy ball milling at ambient conditions and further processed in helium environment. The as synthesized electrode consists of FeF$_{2}$ nanodomains with crystallite size ranging from 2 to 18 nm in an amorphous carbon matrix. The electrode material was analyzed by the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) compositional imaging with nanometer resolution, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) at 36 %, 75 %, and fully discharged states. The high-resolution EELS elemental maps and intensity line profiles of Fe and F were obtained to investigate phase transformation during discharge. Valence maps of Fe were also produced based on the Fe L $_{3}$/L $_{2}$ white line intensity ratios. The 2-nanometer scale EELS elemental maps reveal that Fe in the as processed electrode consists of a mixed valence states (2$^{+}$ and 3$^{+}$). The discharged samples at 36 and 75 % demonstrate compositional modulation with F-rich and F-depleted areas with the fully discharged material consisting of nanoscale regions of LiF and Fe in agreement with the cathodic conversion reaction.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13880764
Journal	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	1572896X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-03-12
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	FeF$_{2}$–C and FeF$_{3}$–C nanocomposites Radiation damage in FeF$_{2}$ EELS valence mapping EELS compositional mapping High-capacity iron fluoride nanocomposites Reversible conversion lithium ion batteries Nanotechnology Inorganic Chemistry Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Physical Chemistry Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Bioengineering Modeling and Simulation

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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