NDLI: A new method for mapping variability in vertical seepage flux in streambeds

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chen, Xunhong Song, Jinxi Cheng, Cheng Wang, Deming Lackey, Susan O.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	A two-step approach was used to measure the flux across the water-sediment interface in river channels. A hollow tube was pressed into the streambed and an in situ sediment column of the streambed was created inside the tube. The hydraulic gradient between the two ends of the sediment column was measured. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediment column was determined using a falling-head permeameter test in the river. Given the availability of the hydraulic gradient and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the streambed, Darcy’s law was used to calculate the specific discharge. This approach was applied to the Elkhorn River and one tributary in northeastern Nebraska, USA. The results suggest that the magnitude of the vertical flux varied greatly within a short distance. Furthermore, the flux can change direction from downward to upward between two locations only several meters apart. This spatial pattern of variation probably represents the inflow and outflow within the hyporheic zone, not the regional ambient flow systems. In this study, a thermal infrared camera was also used to detect the discharge locations of groundwater in the streambed. After the hydraulic gradient and the vertical hydraulic conductivity were estimated from the groundwater spring, the discharge rate was calculated.Une approche en deux étapes a été utilisée pour mesurer le flux prenant place au niveau de l’interface eau-sédiment dans les cours d’eau. Un tube creux est enfoncé dans les sédiments du lit du cours d’eau, une colonne de sédiments in situ du lit de la rivière est ainsi créée au sein du tube. Le gradient hydraulique entre les deux extrémités de la colonne de sédiments est mesuré. La conductivité hydraulique verticale du sédiment est ensuite déterminée, en réalisant un essai dans le cours d’eau avec un perméamètre avec diminution de gradient. Le gradient hydraulique et la conductivité hydraulique verticale connus du lit du cours d’eau, la loi de Darcy est utilisée afin de calculer le débit spécifique. Cette approche a été appliquée au niveau de la rivière d’Elkhorm ainsi qu’au niveau d’un de ses affluents, dans le Nord Est du Nebraska aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique. Les résultats suggèrent que les valeurs des flux verticaux sont caractérisées par une forte variabilité spatiale. De plus, la direction des flux peut également changer entre deux points séparés de quelques mètres. Le modèle spatial de cette variation représente probablement uniquement les flux entrants et sortants au sein de la zone hyporhéique et ne traduit pas l’organisation des écoulements au niveau régional. Dans le cadre de cette étude, une caméra thermique à infrarouge a été utilisée afin de déterminer les endroits de décharge des eaux souterraines au niveau du lit du cours d’eau. Les débits des eaux souterraines émergeantes ont été calculés en utilisant le gradient hydraulique et les valeurs de la conductivité hydraulique verticale.Se usó una aproximación en dos pasos para medir el flujo a través de la interfase agua-sedimentos en los canales de ríos. Un tubo hueco fue hincado en el cauce del río y así se formó una columna de sedimento “in situ” en el interior del tubo. Se midió el gradiente hidráulico entre los dos extremos de la columna de sedimentos. La conductividad hidráulica vertical de la columna de sedimentos fue entonces determinada usando una prueba en el río con un permeámetro de carga descendente. La ley de Darcy fue utilizada para calcular la descarga específica, dada la disponibilidad del gradiente hidráulico y de la conductividad hidráulica vertical del cauce del río. Este enfoque se aplicó al río Elkhorm y uno de sus afluentes, en el noreste de Nebraska, EE.UU. Los resultados sugieren que la magnitud del flujo vertical varía significativamente en una corta distancia. Más aún, el flujo puede cambiar de sentido dirección de descendente a ascendente entre dos posiciones que están separadas por pocos metros. Este esquema espacial de variación probablemente representa el flujo entrante y saliente dentro de la zona hiporreica y no el sistema de flujo regional del entorno. En este estudio, una cámara térmica infrarroja también fue utilizada para detectar la ubicación de la descarga de las aguas subterráneas en el cauce del río. El ritmo de la descarga fue calculado con el gradiente hidráulico y la conductividad hidráulica vertical estimados a partir de los manantiales de aguas subterráneas.应用两步法测量了通过某河道水-沉积物界面的水量. 首先将一根空心管插入河床, 从而在其中形成原状河床沉积物柱体. 测量柱体两端之间的水力梯度, 并利用降水头渗透仪在河中测定其垂向渗透系数. 在获得水力梯度和河床垂向渗透系数的基础上, 应用达西定律计算单位渗流量. 对美国内布拉斯加州埃尔克霍恩河 (Elkhorm) 及其一支流应用了本方法. 结果表明, 垂向通量的量级在短距离内发生了很大变化. 甚至通量方向也可在相隔仅有几米的两个地点由向下变为向上. 这种空间变化模式可能代表了交错带而非区域的外围流动系统的入流和出流. 本研究中还使用了热红外成像仪, 以探测河床中地下水的排泄点位置. 从潜水泉获得水力梯度和垂向渗透系数后, 即可算得排泄速率.Um método constituído por duas etapas foi aplicado para medir o fluxo que ocorre na interface água-sedimento dos rios. Cravou-se um tubo oco no leito de um rio, criando-se uma coluna de sedimento de rio in situ. Mediu-se o gradiente hidráulico entre os dois extremos da coluna de sedimento. Posteriormente determinou-se a condutividade hidráulica vertical usando um teste com permeâmetro (falling-head permeameter) no rio. Visto que se dispunha de dados de gradiente hidráulico e da condutividade hidráulica vertical do sedimento do rio, calculou-se o caudal específico, usando a lei de Darcy. Esta metodologia foi aplicada no Rio Elkhorm e um dos seus tributários, no Nordeste do Nebraska, EUA. Os resultados revelam que a magnitude do fluxo vertical varia consideravelmente numa curta distância. Além disso, o fluxo pode variar de sentido, para baixo ou para cima, entre dois locais distanciados entre si de apenas alguns metros. Este padrão de variação espacial representa, provavelmente, o fluxo de entrada e saída de água dentro da zona hiporreica, e não os sistemas de fluxo ambiental regionais. Neste estudo também foi utilizada uma câmara térmica de infravermelhos, para detectar os locais de descarga de água subterrânea nos sedimentos do leito do rio. Depois de se ter estimado o gradiente hidráulico e a condutividade hidráulica vertical a partir da nascente de água subterrânea, calculou-se a taxa de descarga.
Starting Page	519
Ending Page	525
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-10-31
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater/surface-water relations Equipment/field techniques Hyporheic zone Infrared camera USA Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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