NDLI: Source vulnerability mapping in carbonate (karst) aquifers by extension of the COP method: application to pilot sites

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Andreo, B. Ravbar, N. Vías, J. M.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	A step from resource to source vulnerability mapping is presented, based on the European COST Action 620 approach for karst groundwater protection. Guidelines on vulnerability assessment of the horizontal groundwater flow path within the karst saturated zone (K factor) are proposed. By integrating this into the previously existing COP method for intrinsic resource vulnerability mapping, adequate source protection can be assessed. The proposed “Karst saturated zone (K) factor” assessment considers groundwater travel time (t subfactor), connection and contribution to the source (r subfactor) and active conduit or fissured network (n subfactor). The extended COP method was applied in two carbonate aquifers in southern Spain with different geological, hydrogeological and climate settings. The results are coherent with previous research results of the studied areas. Moreover, they are consistent with the occasional groundwater contamination detected in one of the springs. On the other hand, an absence of contamination, despite high risk, justifies the lower degrees of vulnerability assigned to the sources surveyed. The source vulnerability maps obtained can thus be used as a basis for the delineation of protection zones.Une démarche pour cartographier la vulnérabilité de la ressource à la source est présentée, basée sur l’Action COST 620 Approche Européenne pour la protection des eaux souterraines karstiques. Des lignes directrices pour l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des écoulements souterrains horizontaux dans la zone saturée du karst (facteur K) sont proposées. En les intégrant dans la méthode « COP » déjà existante, pour la cartographie de la vulnérabilité intrinsèque de la ressource, une protection adéquate de la source peut être proposée. Le facteur (K) pour le karst saturé peut être évalué en considérant le temps de transfert de l’eau souterraine (sous-facteur t), la connexion et la contribution à la source (sous-facteur r), et les conduits actifs ou le réseau fissuré (sous-facteur n). La méthode « COP » étendue a été utilisée avec deux aquifères carbonatés du sud de l’Espagne présentant des caractéristiques géologiques, hydrogéologiques et climatiques différentes. Les résultats sont cohérents avec les travaux de recherche antérieurs réalisés sur les sites étudiés. De plus, ils sont également en cohérence avec les contaminations occasionnelles détectées sur l’une des sources. D’autre part, une absence de contamination, en dépit d’un haut risque, justifie le degré moindre de vulnérabilité affecté aux sources investiguées. Les cartes de vulnérabilité des sources obtenues peuvent être utilisées comme une base pour la détermination des périmètres de protection.Se presenta un avance para cartografía de vulnerabilidad de la fuente (manantial), basada en la Aproximación Europea de la Acción COST 620 sobre protección de aguas subterráneas. Se proponen las bases para determinar la vulnerabilidad del flujo horizontal del agua subterránea dentro de la zona saturada del karst. Integrando esto en el método COP ya existente puede definirse una adecuada protección de los manantiales. La determinación del factor propuesto “zona saturada del karst (K)” considera el tiempo de tránsito (subfactor t), la conexión y contribución al manantial (subfactor r) y la red de fisuras o conductos activos (subfactor n). El método COP ampliado ha sido aplicado en dos acuíferos carbonatados del sur de España con diferentes características geológicas, hidrogeológicas y climáticas. Los resultados están de acuerdo con los obtenidos en investigaciones previas en las áreas de estudio. Además, son coherentes con la contaminación ocasional detectada en uno de los manantiales. Por otra parte, la ausencia de contaminación, a pesar del alto riesgo, justifica el bajo grado de vulnerabilidad asignada a los manantiales cartografiados. Los mapas de vulnerabilidad de la fuente obtenidos pueden ser utilizados como base para la delimitación de zonas de protección.Com base na Abordagem Europeia COST Action 620 para a protecção de águas subterrâneas cársicas, apresenta-se um avanço que consiste na passagem da cartografia de vulnerabilidade de recursos para a de vulnerabilidade de nascentes. Propõem-se directrizes sobre a avaliação da vulnerabilidade do percurso de escoamento horizontal da água subterrânea no seio da zona cársica saturada (factor K). Através da sua integração no já existente método COP para cartografia de vulnerabilidade intrínseca de recursos, pode ser avaliada adequadamente a protecção de nascentes. O proposto factor de avaliação “zona de saturação cársica” (K) tem em conta o tempo de percurso da água subterrânea (sub-factor t), a conexão e a contribuição à nascente (sub-factor r) e a rede de condutas activas ou a rede fissurada (sub-factor n). O método COP estendido foi aplicado em dois aquíferos carbonatados do sul de Espanha com diferentes enquadramentos geológicos, hidrogeológicos e climáticos. Os resultados são coerentes com resultados de pesquisa obtidos anteriormente nas áreas estudadas. Além do mais, são consistentes com a contaminação ocasional da água subterrânea detectada numa das nascentes. Por outro lado, uma ausência de contaminação, apesar do risco elevado, justifica os baixos graus de vulnerabilidade atribuídos às nascentes consideradas. Os mapas de vulnerabilidade de nascentes podem, desta forma, ser usados como fundamentação para a demarcação de zonas de protecção.
Starting Page	749
Ending Page	758
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-11-28
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Carbonate aquifer Spain Groundwater protection Vulnerability mapping COP method Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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