NDLI: Fine scale variability of hyporheic hydrochemistry in salmon spawning gravels with contrasting groundwater-surface water interactions

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Malcolm, I. A. Soulsby, C. Youngson, A. F. Tetzlaff, D.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	There is increasing realisation of the importance of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions in understanding freshwater ecology. A study that assessed the influence of local GW–SW interactions on shallow (<250 mm) hyporheic water quality at two contrasting salmon spawning locations in Scotland, UK is reported. At a groundwater-dominated site, continuous logging sensors revealed that hyporheic dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations changed rapidly in response to changing hydrological conditions. Low volume (25 ml) spot samples revealed fine-scale spatial variability (<0.05 m) consistent with a vertically shifting boundary layer between source waters. At a surface-water-dominated location, hyporheic water was typically characterised by high DO and electrical conductivity values, characteristic of surface water. Small reductions in DO at this site are hypothesised to be associated with short residence hyporheic discharge. A comparison between in-situ (logging DO sensor data) and ex-situ (small volume sampling) methods revealed good agreement, potentially allowing deployment of the two methods in stratified sampling programmes. This study demonstrates that hyporheic water quality varies over fine spatial and temporal scales and that future studies need to design sampling strategies that consider the scales appropriate to both the ecology and the hyporheic processes of interest.En écologie, l’importance des interactions entre eau de surface et eau souterraine (GW–SW) est de plus en plus reconnue. Une étude sur l’influence des interactions locales eau de surface – eau souterraine sur la qualité de la partie superficielle (<250 mm) de l’eau hyporhéique à deux stations différentes de frayère à saumon localisées en Ecosse, Royaume Uni, est décrite ici. Sur un site dominé par les eaux souterraines, des sondes de mesures en continu montrent que la concentration en oxygène dissous (OD) de la zone hyporhéique change rapidement en réponse à la variation des conditions hydrologiques. Des échantillons ponctuels de faible volumes (25 ml) indiquent une variabilité spatiale à petite échelle (<0.05 m) correspondant à une variation verticale des sources d’eau. Pour le site dominé par les eaux de surface, l’eau hyporhéique est caractérisée par des valeurs élevées en oxygène dissous et conductivité, typique des eaux de surface. On suppose que les faibles diminutions d’oxygène dissous à ce site sont associées à des flux rapides des eaux hyporhéiques. Il existe une bonne adéquation entre les méthodes in-situ (sondes d’OD) et ex-situ (échantillons de faible volume), habilitant potentiellement l’utilisation de ces deux méthodes pour les programmes d’échantillonnage stratifié. Cette étude a montré que la qualité de l’eau hyporhéique varie à une faible échelle spatiale et temporelle et de futures études sont nécessaires afin de définir des stratégies d’échantillonnage prenant en compte l’échelle des études écologiques et des processus hyporhéiques.Existe una conciencia creciente de la importancia de las interacciones aguas subterráneas-aguas superficiales en el entendimiento de la ecología de las aguas dulces. Se informan los resultados de un estudio que evalúa la influencia de las interacciones entre aguas subterráneas y aguas superficiales locales sobre la calidad de aguas hiporreicas someras (<250 mm) en dos sitios de desove de salmones en Escocia, Reino Unido. En un sitio con predominio de aguas subterráneas, las medidas de sensores continuos revelan que las concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto hiporreico (OD) cambian rápidamente en respuesta al cambio en las condiciones hidrológicas. Las muestras puntuales de bajo volumen (25 ml) indican una variabilidad a escala fina (<0.05 m) que es consistente con una capa límite vertical y cambiante entre las fuentes de agua. En un sector dominado por aguas superficiales, el agua hiporreica típicamente se correspondió con altos valores de OD y conductividad eléctrica, característicos de las aguas superficiales. Se especula que las pequeñas reducciones de OD en este sitio podrían asociarse con descargas hiporreicas de corto tiempo de residencia. Una comparación entre métodos in-situ (datos de sensores de monitoreo de OD) y ex-situ (muestreo de pequeños volúmenes) demuestra una buena concordancia, y potencialmente permite la utilización de los dos métodos en programas de muestreos estratificados. Este estudio demuestra que la calidad del agua hiporreica varía en escalas finas de espacio y tiempo, y que los estudios futuros necesitan diseñar estrategias de muestreo que consideren las escalas adecuadas tanto para los procesos ecológicos de interés como los hiporreicos.Existe uma percepção crescente da importância das interacções águas subterrâneas-água superficial para a compreensão da ecologia dos cursos de água doce. Apresenta-se neste artigo um estudo de avaliação da influência daquelas interacções na qualidade da água de zonas hiporreicas a reduzida profundidade (<250 mm) em dois locais, com características contrastantes, de desova de salmão na Escócia, Reino Unido. Num primeiro local, em que predomina o fluxo de água subterrânea, a monitorização contínua revelou que a concentração de Oxigénio Dissolvido (OD) na zona hiporreica se alterava rapidamente em resposta a variações das condições hidrológicas. Amostras de água de volume reduzido (25 ml) mostram uma variabilidade espacial a escala reduzida (<0.05 mm) consistente com variações na posição vertical entre fontes de água (superficial e subterrânea). Num segundo local, em que predomina a influência das águas superficiais, a água da zona hiporreica era tipicamente caracterizada por valores elevados de Oxigénio Dissolvido (DO) e de condutividade eléctrica, característicos de águas superficiais. Pequenas reduções no valor de DO neste local são atribuídas a tempos de residência reduzidos das águas subterrâneas nas zonas hiporreicas. Uma comparação entre métodos in-situ (sensores de DO) e ex-situ (amostras de reduzido volume) demonstram uma boa concordância entre aquelas metodologias, potenciando a utilização de ambos os métodos em programas de amostragem em zonas estratificadas. Este estudo demonstra que a qualidade da água de zonas hiporreicas varia em escalas temporais e espaciais reduzidas e que estudos futuros devem considerar estratégias de amostragem adaptadas às escalas apropriadas para os processos ecológicos e para os processos da zona hiporreica a estudar.
Starting Page	161
Ending Page	174
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-07-31
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater–surface-water relations Hydrochemistry Oxygen Hyporheic UK Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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