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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Andrade, Rolland |
| Copyright Year | 2012 |
| Abstract | The concept of groundwater recharge and quality improvement is often implemented in arid and semi-arid areas with depleted aquifers. Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India, has endemic fluoride, with concentrations in drinking water varying between 3 and 8 mg/l. Numerous techniques adopted in the recent past for defluoridizing groundwater proved to have limitations. The integrated approach of a geographic information system (GIS) and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to identify suitable sites for recharge structures over an area of ∼115 km$^{2}$, is highlighted. Further, to validate the delineated sites, a micro-watershed basin (2 km$^{2}$) was selected for detailed recharge assessment and site feasibility studies through geophysical and tracer tests. Groundwater velocity (7 m/day) and flow direction through fractures in the shallow horizon were established through tracer experiments. The efficacy of the recommended recharge structures and their impact on groundwater quality were assessed over a period of 5 years, from 2002 to 2007, and the mean groundwater fluoride concentration of > 3.5 mg/l over the study area was brought down to < 1.5 mg/l.Le concept de recharge de nappe et d’amélioration de la qualité est souvent mis en œuvre dans les zones arides et semi-arides à aquifères en voie d’épuisement. Le district de Nalgonda en Andhra Pradesh, Inde, présente du fluor à l’état endémique, avec des concentrations dans l’eau de boisson variant entre 3 et 8 mg/L. Les nombreuses techniques adoptées dans un passé récent pour défluorer l’eau souterraine ont montré des limites. L’approche intégrant un système d’information géographique (SIG) et une procédure analytique de hiérarchisation (PAH) en vue d’identifier, sur l’étendue d’une zone de ∼115 km², des sites convenant à des structures de recharge, est mise en lumière. De plus, pour valider les sites décrits, un micro-bassin versant d’une superficie de 2 km$^{2}$ a été sélectionné en vue d’une évaluation détaillée de la recharge et d’études de faisabilité de site grâce à des tests géophysiques et de traçage. La vitesse de l’eau souterraine (7 m/jour) et la direction de l’écoulement dans les fractures de l’horizon superficiel ont été établies grâce à des tests de traçage. L’efficacité des structures de recharge recommandées et leur impact sur la qualité de la nappe ont été évalués pendant une période de 5 ans, de 2002 à 2007 et la concentration moyenne en fluor de l’eau souterraine, supérieure à 3.5 mg/L sur l’ensemble de la zone d’étude, a été abattue à moins de 1.5 mg/L.El concepto de recarga de agua subterránea y el mejoramiento de la calidad es a menudo implementado en áreas áridas y semiáridas con acuíferos agotados. El distrito de Nalgonda en Andhra Pradesh, India, tiene concentraciones de fluoruro endémico en el agua de bebida que varía entre 3 y 8 mg/l. Las numerosas técnicas adoptadas en el pasado reciente para defluorizar el agua subterránea demostraron tener limitaciones. Se enfatiza el enfoque integrado de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) y de un proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP), para identificar sitios adecuados para estructuras de recarga sobre un área de ∼115 km$^{2}$. Más aún para validar los sitios delineados se seleccionó una microcuenca de drenaje (2 km$^{2}$) para la evaluación detallada de la recarga y de los estudios de factibilidad de localización a través de ensayos geofísicos y de trazadores. Se establecieron la velocidad del agua subterránea (7 m/día) y la dirección del flujo a través de las fracturas en el horizonte somero a través de experimentos con trazadores. La eficacia de las estructuras de recargas recomendadas y sus impactos en la calidad del agua subterránea se evaluaron en un período de cinco años, desde 2002 a 2007, y la concentración media de fluoruro en el agua subterránea de > 3.5 mg/l sobre el área de estudio fue reducida a menos de < 1.5 mg/l.在干旱半干旱区,改进地下水补给和地下水水质的事经常与亏损的含水层相关联。在印度Andhra Pradesh的Nalgonda区,存在一个地方性氟异常区,浓度在饮用水中为3-8 mg/l。过去为除氟而采用的数值模拟技术有局限性。本文重点介绍了一种集成了地理信息系统和层次分析(AHP)的方法,在一个115 km$^{2}$的区域内,查明了具备合适补给结构的地点。此外,为了验证圈定的地点,选择了一个2 km$^{2}$的小流域,采用地球物理方法和示踪试验的方法进行了详细的补给和脆弱性评价。示踪实验确定了裂隙内浅层地下水流速(7 m/day)和流向。评价了2002 ∼ 2007年期间,圈定的补给结构的效果和它们对地下水质的影响,并将研究区内平均氟浓度从 > 3.5 mg/l降至 < 1.5 mg/l。Os conceitos de recarga e de melhoria da qualidade da água subterrânea são muitas vezes implementados em zonas áridas e semiáridas com aquíferos depauperados. O distrito de Nalgonda, em Andhra Pradesh, na Índia, apresenta fluoreto endémico, com concentrações na água de abastecimento a variar entre os 3 e os 8 mg/l. Numerosas técnicas adotadas no passado recente para retirar o fluor da água subterrânea provaram apresentar limitações. É realçada uma abordagem integrada de um sistema de informação geográfico (SIG) e um processo de hierarquia analítica (PHA), para identificação de locais adequados para estruturas de recarga numa área de ∼115 km$^{2}$. Além disso, para validar os locais apontados, foi selecionada uma pequena microbacia (2 km$^{2}$) destinada à avaliação pormenorizada da recarga e a estudos de viabilidade local através de ensaios geofísicos e marcadores. A velocidade da água subterrânea (7 m/dia) e a direção de fluxo através das fraturas nos horizontes mais superficiais foram estabelecidos através de experiências com traçadores. A eficácia das estruturas de recarga recomendadas e o seu impacte na qualidade das águas subterrâneas foram avaliadas ao longo de um período de cinco anos, de 2002 a 2007, e, a partir de uma média de concentração de fluoretos de > 3.5 mg/l na área de estudo, baixou-se para uma concentração média de < 1.5 mg/l. |
| Starting Page | 1589 |
| Ending Page | 1597 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 20 |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2012-08-08 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Artificial recharge Tracer tests Fluoride Geographic information systems India Geology Hydrogeology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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