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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Comte, Jean Christophe Cassidy, Rachel Nitsche, Janka Ofterdinger, Ulrich Pilatova, Katarina Flynn, Raymond |
| Copyright Year | 2012 |
| Abstract | Groundwater flow in hard-rock aquifers is strongly controlled by the characteristics and distribution of structural heterogeneity. A methodology for catchment-scale characterisation is presented, based on the integration of complementary, multi-scale hydrogeological, geophysical and geological approaches. This was applied to three contrasting catchments underlain by metamorphic rocks in the northern parts of Ireland (Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, UK). Cross-validated surface and borehole geophysical investigations confirm the discontinuous overburden, lithological compartmentalisation of the bedrock and important spatial variations of the weathered bedrock profiles at macro-scale. Fracture analysis suggests that the recent (Alpine) tectonic fabric exerts strong control on the internal aquifer structure at meso-scale, which is likely to impact on the anisotropy of aquifer properties. The combination of the interpretation of depth-specific hydraulic-test data with the structural information provided by geophysical tests allows characterisation of the hydrodynamic properties of the identified aquifer units. Regionally, the distribution of hydraulic conductivities can be described by inverse power laws specific to the aquifer litho-type. Observed groundwater flow directions reflect this multi-scale structure. The proposed integrated approach applies widely available investigative tools to identify key dominant structures controlling groundwater flow, characterising the aquifer type for each catchment and resolving the spatial distribution of relevant aquifer units and associated hydrodynamic parameters.L’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans les aquifères de socle est fortement contrôlé par les caractéristiques et la distribution des hétérogénéités structurales. Une méthodologie pour la caractérisation à l’échelle du bassin versant est présentée, basée sur l'intégration d’approches hydrogéologique, géophysique et géologique multi-échelles et complémentaires. Elle a été appliquée à trois bassins versants contrastés reposant sur des roches métamorphiques, situés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Irlande (République d'Irlande et d'Irlande du Nord, Royaume-Uni). La validation croisée des investigations géophysiques de surface et en forage confirme, à macro-échelle, la discontinuité du recouvrement, ainsi que la compartimentation lithologique et les importantes variations spatiales des profils d’altération du socle. L’analyse de la fracturation suggère que la tectonique récente (Alpine) exerce un fort contrôle sur la structure interne de l'aquifère à moyenne échelle ce qui est susceptible d’avoir un impact sur l'anisotropie des propriétés de l'aquifère. La combinaison de l'interprétation des données des essais hydrauliques à des profondeurs données avec l'information structurale fournie par les tests géophysiques permet de caractériser les propriétés hydrodynamiques des différentes unités aquifères identifiées. Régionalement, la distribution des conductivités hydrauliques peut être décrite par des lois de puissance inverse spécifiques au type lithologique de l'aquifère. Les directions observées des écoulements des eaux souterraines reflètent cette structure multi-échelle. L'approche intégrée proposée applique des outils d'investigation largement disponibles pour identifier les structures clef contrôlant le régime des eaux souterraines, caractérise le type d’aquifère pour chaque bassin versant et révèle la répartition spatiale des unités aquifères identifiées et les paramètres hydrodynamiques associés.El flujo de agua subterránea en los acuíferos de roca dura está fuertemente controlado por las características y distribución de la heterogeneidad estructural. Se presenta una metodología para la caracterización a escala de cuenca basada en la integración de enfoques complementarios y multiescala, geológicos, geofísicos e hidrogeológicos. Este se aplicó a tres cuencas contrastantes apoyadas en rocas metamórficas en la parte norte de Irlanda (República de Irlanda y Irlanda del Norte, Reino Unido). Investigaciones geofísicas de pozos y superficie validadas en forma cruzada confirman la discontinuidad de la cubierta, la compartimentalización de la roca de base y las importantes variaciones espaciales de los perfiles de la roca de base meteorizada a macroescala. El análisis de fracturas sugiere que la reciente fábrica tectónica (Alpina) ejerce un fuerte control en la estructura interna del acuífero a mesoescala, la cual es muy probablemente que impacte sobre la anisotropía de las propiedades del acuífero. La combinación de la interpretación de los datos de ensayos hidráulicos a profundidades específicas con la información estructural proporcionada por pruebas geofísicas permite la caracterización de las propiedades hidrodinámicas de las unidades acuíferas identificadas. Regionalmente, la distribución de las conductividades hidráulicas puede ser descripta por leyes de potencia inversa específicas a los litotipos del acuífero. Las direcciones observadas de flujo de agua subterránea reflejan esta estructura de multiescala. El enfoque integrado propuesto aplica herramientas de investigación ampliamente disponibles para identificar estructuras claves dominantes que controlan el flujo de agua subterránea, caracterizando el tipo de acuífero para cada cuenca y resolviendo la distribución espacial de unidades de acuífero relevantes y los parámetros hidrodinámicos asociados.硬岩含水层中的地下水水流受介质结构非均质的特点和分布所控制。在综合多尺度水文地质、地球物理和地质等互为补充的方法的基础上,本文提出了一种表征流域尺度含水层特征的方法。此方法应用于三个对比鲜明的流域,三个流域都位于爱尔兰北部(爱尔兰及北爱尔兰共和国),下伏岩层为变质岩。相互验证的地表、钻孔地球物理调查在宏观尺度上证实了不连续的覆盖层,基岩的岩石学划分和风化基岩剖面的重要空间变化。裂隙分析表明,在中尺度上,近期的(阿尔卑斯式的)构造岩组对内部的含水层结构具有强烈的控制作用,这很有可能影响到含水层的各向异性。将具体深度的水力试验数据的解释与地球物理试验提供的构造信息相结合,这提供了确定含水层单元的水动力特征描述。对于某个区域,水力传导系数的分布可以用针对含水层岩性类型的逆幂律来描述。所观察到的地下水水流方向反映出了这种多尺度的结构。本文提出的综合方法将用途广泛的调查手段应用到识别控制地下水水流的主要构造,划分每一个流域中含水层的类型和分析相关含水层单元与相应的水动力学参数的空间分布中来。O escoamento de águas subterrâneas em aquíferos de rochas duras é fortemente controlado pelas caraterísticas e distribuição da heterogeneidade estrutural. Apresenta-se uma metodologia para a caraterização à escala da bacia hidrográfica, baseada na integração de aproximações complementares hidrogeológica multi-escala, geofísica e geológica. Esta foi aplicada a três bacias contrastantes desenvolvidas em rochas metamórficas na zona norte da Irlanda (República da Irlanda e Irlanda do Norte, Reino Unido). A validação cruzada de investigações geofísicas à superfície e em furos confirmam a camada sobrejacente descontínua, a compartimentação litológica do substrato rochoso e as variações espaciais importantes dos perfis de rocha alterada à macroescala. A análise de fraturas sugere que o fabric tectónico recente (Alpino) exerce um forte controlo na estrutura interna do aquífero à mesoescala, o que é provável ter impacte na anisotropia das propriedades do aquífero. A combinação da interpretação de dados de ensaios hidráulicos a profundidades específicas com a informação estrutural fornecida pelos ensaios geofísicos, permite a caraterização das propriedades hidrodinâmicas das unidades aquíferas identificadas. Regionalmente, a distribuição das condutividades hidráulicas pode ser descrita por leis de potência inversa específicas do litótipo do aquífero. As direções de escoamento subterrâneo observadas refletem esta estrutura multiescala. A aproximação integrada que se propõe aplica ferramentas de investigação largamente disponíveis para identificar estruturas chave dominantes que controlam o escoamento subterrâneo, caraterizando o tipo de aquífero para cada bacia e resolvendo a distribuição espacial de unidades aquíferas dominantes e de parâmetros hidrodinâmicos associados. |
| Starting Page | 1569 |
| Ending Page | 1588 |
| Page Count | 20 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 20 |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2012-07-20 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Metamorphic rock aquifers Hydraulic properties Geophysical methods Integrated approach Ireland UK Geology Hydrogeology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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