NDLI: Investigation of hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater from the Cretaceous-Eocene limestone aquifer in southern Ghana and southern Togo using hierarchical cluster analysis

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Helstrup, Tina Jørgensen, Niels Oluf Baeng Yakubo, Bruce
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	The most relevant controls on the water quality within the Cretaceous-Eocene limestone aquifer of the Keta Basin, Ghana, and the coastal sedimentary basin of Togo were assessed using Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and mass-balance modelling. The pattern recognition technique of HCA was employed for partitioning hydrochemical data from a total of 65 surface and borehole samples from the study area into water groups. A spatial plot of the water groups consisting of samples from the limestone aquifer shows that the vast majority of samples belonging to the same group are located in close proximity to one another, suggesting the same processes and/or flow paths in the limestone aquifer system. Geochemical reaction models of selected water groups were constructed using PHREEQC-2. The hydrochemical compositions of the water groups and the mass-balance calculations indicate that the dominant processes and reactions responsible for the hydrochemical evolution in the system are: (1) carbonate equilibria, (2) silicate weathering reactions, (3) limited mixing with saline water, and (4) ion exchange. The combined use of HCA and mass-balance modelling has shown to be a useful approach in interpreting groundwater hydrochemistry in an area where large uncertainties exist in the understanding of the groundwater flow system.Les contrôles les plus intéressants de la qualité de l’eau dans l’aquifère calcaire du Crétacé Eocène du Bassin de Keta, Ghana, et du bassin sédimentaire côtier au Togo, ont été évalués en utilisant une classification automatique hiérarchique (HCA en anglais) et la modélisation des équilibres. La technique de reconnaissance des formes de l’HCA a été employée pour partager dans différents groupes d’eau les données de 65 échantillons de surface et de puits de la zone d’étude. Un graphique spatial des groupes d’eau constitué d’échantillons de l’aquifère calcaire montre que la majorité des échantillons appartenant à un même groupe sont localisés à proximité les uns des autres, ce qui suggère les mêmes processus et/ou les mêmes trajectoires d’écoulement dans le système aquifère calcaire. Des modèles de réaction géochimique de groupes d’eau sélectionnés ont été construits en utilisant PHREEQC-2. Les compositions hydrochimiques des groupes d’eau et les calculs d’équilibres indiquent que les processus dominant et les réactions responsables de l’évolution hydrochimique dans le système sont : (1) les équilibres carbonatés, (2) les réactions d’altération des silicates, (3) les mélanges limités avec les eaux salées, et (4) les échanges d’ions. L’utilisation combinée de l’HCA et de la modélisation des équilibres s’est montré être une approche utile pour interpréter l’hydrochimie des eaux souterraines dans une zone où de grandes incertitudes sur le système d’écoulement existent.Mediante el uso del análisis jerárquico de racimo Q-modo (HCA) y del modelamiento de balance de masa, se evaluaron los controles más importantes en la calidad de agua, dentro del acuífero de la caliza Cretáceo-Eocénica de la Cuenca de Keta, Ghana, y en la cuenca sedimentaria costera de Togo. Fue empleada la técnica de reconocimiento de modelo de HCA, en un total de 65 muestras de superficie y de perforación, para separar los datos hidroquímicos en los grupos de agua del área del estudio. Una graficación espacial de los grupos de agua, consistente de muestras del acuífero de caliza, muestra que la inmensa mayoría de muestras que pertenecen al mismo grupo, se localiza en la proximidad mas cercana entre si, lo que sugiere los mismos procesos y/o direcciones de flujo en el sistema acuífero de la caliza. Se construyeron modelos de reacción geoquímica en grupos de agua seleccionados, usando PHREEQC-2. Las composiciones hidroquímicas de los grupos de agua y los cálculos de balance de masa, indican que los procesos dominantes y las reacciones responsables para la evolución hidroquímica del sistema son: (1) el equilibrio del carbonato, (2) las reacciones de meteorización de silicatos, (3) una mezcla limitada con agua salina, y (4) el intercambio iónico. El uso combinado de HCA y del modelamiento de balance de masas, ha demostrado ser un acercamiento útil para la interpretación de la hidroquímica del agua subterránea, en un área dónde existen incertidumbres grandes en la comprensión del sistema de flujo del agua subterránea.
Starting Page	977
Ending Page	989
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-02-24
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrochemistry Hierarchical cluster analysis Hydrochemical modelling Ghana Togo Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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