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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Kwles, Leel Katz, Brian G. Toth, David J. |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | The Silver Springs Group, Florida (USA), forms the headwaters of the Silver River and supports a diverse ecosystem. The 30 headwater springs divide into five subgroups based on chemistry. Five selected spring vents were sampled in 2007 to better understand the contaminant sources and groundwater flow system. Elevated nitrate-N concentrations (>0.8 mg/L) in the five spring vents likely originate from inorganic (fertilizers) and organic sources, based on nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate. Evidence for denitrification in the Lost River Boil spring includes enriched δ$^{15}$N and δ$^{18}$O, excess N$_{2}$ gas, and low dissolved O$_{2}$ concentrations (<0.5 mg/L). Multiple age-tracer data (SF$_{6}$, $^{3}$H, tritiogenic $^{3}$He) for the two uppermost springs (Mammoth East and Mammoth West) indicate a binary mixture dominated by recent recharge water (mean age 6–7 years, and 87–97% young water). Tracer data for the three downstream spring vents (Lost River Boil, Catfish Hotel-1, and Catfish Conventional Hall-1) indicate exponential mixtures with mean ages of 26–35 years. Contamination from non-atmospheric sources of CFCs and SF$_{5}$CF$_{3}$ precluded their use as age tracers here. Variations in chemistry were consistent with mean groundwater age, as nitrate-N and dissolved O$_{2}$ concentrations were higher in younger waters, and the Ca/Mg ratio decreased with increasing mean age.Le Silver Springs Group, Floride (USA), forme la zone source de la Silver River et supporte un écosystème varié. Les 30 sources sont divisées en cinq sous-groupes basés sur la chimie. Cinq conduits source sélectionnées ont été échantillonnés en 2007 pour mieux comprendre les sources de pollution et système d’écoulement souterrain. Des concentrations en nitrates élevées (>0.8 mg/L) dans les conduits source ont vraisemblablement des origines inorganiques (fertilisants) et organiques, indiquées par les ratios isotopiques azote et oxygène du nitrate. Une preuve de dénitrification de la source de la Lost River Boil comporte un enrichissement en δ$^{15}$N et δ$^{18}$O, gaz N$_{2}$ en excès, concentrations basses en O$_{2}$ dissous (<0.5 mg/L). Des données d’âge par traceurs multiples (SF$_{6}$, $^{3}$H, $^{3}$He triogénique) pour les deux sources amont (Mammoth East et Mammoth West) indiquent un mélange binaire marqué par une recharge récente (moyenne d’âge 6–7 ans, et 87–97% d’eau jeune). Les données de traçage pour les trois conduits de source aval (Lost River Boil, Catfish Hotel-1, and Catfish Conventional Hall-1) indiquent des mélanges avec moyennes d’âge de 26–35 ans. Une contamination par sources de CFCs and SF$_{5}$CF$_{3}$ non atmosphériques ont ici exclu leur utilisation comme traceurs. Des variations de la composition chimique sont en accord avec la moyenne d’âge de la nappe, les concentrations en nitrate-N et oxygène O$_{2}$ dissous étant plus élevées dans les eaux plus récentes, et le rapport Ca/Mg décroissant avec l’accroissement de l’âge moyen.El grupo de manantiales Silver, Florida (EEUU), forma las cabeceras del Río Silver y soporta un ecosistema diverso. En base a la química, los 30 manantiales de cabeceras se dividen en 5 subgrupos. Se muestrearon cinco conductos de manantiales seleccionados para mejorar el conocimiento de las fuentes contaminantes y del sistema de flujo subterráneo. En base a las relaciones de isótopos de nitrógeno y oxígeno de nitratos, las concentraciones de nitrato-N elevados (>0.8 mg/L) en los cinco conductos de manantiales probablemente se originan a partir de fuentes inorgánicas (fertilizantes) y orgánicos. Las evidencias de la desnitrificación en el manantial Lost River Boil incluyen a δ$^{15}$N y δ$^{18}$O enriquecido, excesos de N$_{2}$ gas, y bajas concentraciones de O$_{2}$ disuelto (<0.5 mg/L). Los datos de trazadores múltiples (SF$_{6}$, $^{3}$H, tritiogénico $^{3}$He) para los dos manantiales más altos (Mammoth East and Mammoth West) indican una mezcla binaria dominada por recarga de agua reciente (edad media de 6–7 años, y 87–97% de agua joven). Los datos de los trazadores para los tres conductos de manantiales aguas abajo (Lost River Boil, Catfish Hotel-1, and Catfish Conventional Hall-1) indican una mezcla exponencial con las edades medias de 26–35 años. Se excluyó su uso como edad debido a la contaminación de fuentes no atmosférica de CFCs y SF$_{5}$CF$_{3}$. Las variaciones en la química fueron consistentes con la edad media del agua subterránea, como las concentraciones de nitrato – N y O$_{2}$ disuelto fueron más altos en las aguas más jóvenes, y la relación Ca/Mg decreció con el incremento de la edad media.O Grupo de Silver Springs, Flórida (EUA), constitui a cabeceira do Rio Silver e suporta um ecossistema diversificado. As 30 nascentes de cabeceira dividem-se em cinco grupos baseados no seu quimismo. Em 2007 seleccionaram-se cinco nascentes para amostragem, a fim de se compreender melhor as origens dos contaminantes e o sistema de escoamento subterrâneo. As concentrações elevadas de nitrato-N (> 0.8 mg/L) nas cinco nascentes provêem provavelmente de origens minerais (fertilizantes) e orgânicas, o que se baseia nos rácios isotópicos de nitrogénio e oxigénio do ião nitrato. O enriquecimento em δ$^{15}$N e δ$^{18}$O, o excesso em gás N$_{2}$ e a baixa concentração de O$_{2}$ dissolvido (<0.5 mg/L) apontam para a desnitrificação na nascente do Lost River Boil. Vários dados de ensaios de traçadores usados na datação (SF$_{6}$, $^{3}$H, $^{3}$He tritiogénico) das duas nascentes superiores (Mammoth Este e Mammoth Oeste) indicam uma mistura binária dominada por águas de recarga recente (idade média de 6–7 anos e 87–97% de águas recentes). Dados de ensaios de traçadores para as três nascentes a jusante (Lost River Boil, Catfish Hotel-1, e Catfish Conventional Hall-1) revelam misturas exponenciais com idades médias de 26–35 anos. A contaminação proveniente de fontes não-atmosféricas de CFCs e SF$_{5}$CF$_{3}$ impediu a sua utilização para fins de datação no presente caso. As variações químicas foram coerentes com as idades médias das águas subterrâneas, uma vez que as concentrações de nitrato-N e O$_{2}$ dissolvido foram mais elevadas nas águas mais recentes, enquanto a relação Ca/Mg diminuíu com o aumento da idade média. |
| Starting Page | 1825 |
| Ending Page | 1838 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2010-11-16 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Groundwater age Groundwater flow Radioactive isotopes Dissolved gasses USA Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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