NDLI: Environmental tracers as indicators of karst conduits in groundwater in South Dakota, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Long, Andrew J. Sawyer, J. Foster Putnam, Larry D.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Environmental tracers sampled from the carbonate Madison aquifer on the eastern flank of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA indicated the approximate locations of four major karst conduits. Contamination issues are a major concern because these conduits are characterized by direct connections to sinking streams, high groundwater velocities, and proximity to public water supplies. Objectives of the study were to estimate approximate conduit locations and assess possible anthropogenic influences associated with conduits. Anomalies of young groundwater based on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and electrical conductivity (EC) indicated fast moving, focused flow and thus the likely presence of conduits. δ$^{18}$O was useful for determining sources of recharge for each conduit, and nitrate was a useful tracer for assessing flow paths for anthropogenic influences. Two of the four conduits terminate at or near a large spring complex. CFC apparent ages ranged from 15 years near conduits to >50 years in other areas. Nitrate-N concentrations >0.4 mg/L in groundwater were associated with each of the four conduits compared with concentrations ranging from <0.1 to 0.4 mg/L in other areas. These higher nitrate-N concentrations probably do not result from sinking streams but rather from other areas of infiltration.Les traceurs environnementaux échantillonnés à partir de l’aquifère carbonaté de Madison, sur le flanc est des Black Hills dans le Sud du Dakota aux USA, renseignent sur la localisation approximative de quatre conduits karstiques majeurs. Les problèmes de contamination sont importants du fait que ces conduits sont caractérisées par des connections directes avec les pertes des cours d’eau, des vitesses d’écoulement des eaux souterraines élevées et une proximité aux réseaux publiques d’eau potable. Les objectifs de cette étude ont été d’estimer les localisations approximatives des conduits et d’évaluer les influences anthropogéniques associées avec ces conduits. Les anomalies en chlorofluorocarbones (CFCs) des eaux souterraines jeunes, et la conductivité électrique (EC) ont indiqué des mouvements rapides, des écoulements concentrés et donc la présence probable de conduits. δ$^{18}$O a été utile pour déterminer les sources de recharge de chaque conduit, et le nitrate a été un traceur utile pour évaluer les influences anthropogéniques que l’on retrouve dans les écoulements. Deux des quatre conduits aboutissent à ou près d’importants systèmes de sources. Les âges CFC apparents sont de 15 ans près des conduits et excèdent 50 ans dans d’autres zones. Les concentrations en nitrate-N excèdent 0.4 mg/L où les eaux souterraines sont associées aux conduits, comparé à moins de 0.1 à 0.4 mg/L dans d’autres zones. Ces concentrations élevées en nitrate-N ne sont probablement pas le résultat de pertes de cours d’eau mais plutôt celui de l’infiltration dans d’autres zones.Las muestras de trazadores ambientales provenientes del acuífero carbonatado Madison en el flanco oriental de las Colinas Negras, Dakota del Sur, Estados Unidos, indican la localización aproximada de cuatro conductos kársticos principales. Los problemas de contaminación son una preocupación principal debido a que estos conductos se caracterizan por conexiones directas con arroyos hundidos, altas velocidades de agua subterránea, y proximidad a fuentes de abastecimiento de agua públicas. Los objetivos del estudio fueron estimar aproximadamente las localizaciones de los conductos y evaluar posibles influencias antropogénicas asociadas con conductos. Las anomalías de agua subterránea joven basadas en clorofluorocarbono (CFCs), tritio, y conductividad eléctrica (CE) indican movimiento rápido, flujo concentrado, y de este modo la presencia probable de conductos. El contenido de δ$^{18}$O fue útil para determinar fuentes de recarga para cada conducto, y el nitrato fue un trazador útil para evaluar trayectorias de flujo por influencias antropogénicas. Dos de los cuatro conductos terminan en, o cerca de, un complejo grande de manantiales. Las edades aparentes de CFC varían de 15 años cerca de los conductos a >50 años en otras áreas. Las concentraciones de nitrógeno-N >0.4 mg/L en agua subterránea se asociaron con cada uno de los 4 conductos comparado con concentraciones que varían de <0.1 a 0.4 mg/L en otras áreas. Estas concentraciones más altas de nitrógeno-N probablemente no resultan de arroyos hundidos sino de otras áreas de infiltración.
Starting Page	263
Ending Page	280
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-10-23
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Karst USA Groundwater tracers Stable isotopes Groundwater/surface-water relations Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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