NDLI: Hydrogeological impacts of a railway tunnel in fractured Precambrian gneiss rocks (south-eastern Norway)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kværner, Jens Snilsberg, Petter
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Groundwater monitoring along the Romeriksporten tunnel, south-eastern Norway, provided an opportunity for studying the impacts of tunnelling on groundwater in fractured Precambrian gneiss rocks, and examining relations between bedrock hydrology, tectonic weakness zones and catchments. Tunnel leakage resulted in groundwater drawdown up to 35 m in weakness zones, converted groundwater discharge zones into recharge zones, and affected groundwater chemistry. The magnitude of drawdown and fluctuations in groundwater level differed between weakness zones, and varied with distance from the tunnel route, tunnel leakage, and recharge from catchments. Clear differences in groundwater level and fluctuation patterns indicated restricted groundwater flow between weakness zones. The groundwater drawdowns demonstrated coherent water-bearing networks to 180-m depth in faults and fracture zones. Similar groundwater levels with highly correlated fluctuations demonstrated hydraulic connectivity within fracture zones. Different groundwater drawdown and leakage in weakness zones with different appearance and influence of tectonic events demonstrated the importance of the geological history for bedrock hydrogeology. Water injection into the bedrock counteracted groundwater drawdowns. Even moderate leakage to underground constructions may lead to large groundwater drawdown in areas with small groundwater recharge. Hydrogeological interpretation of tectonic weakness zones should occur in the context of geological history and local catchment hydrology.La surveillance menée le long du Tunnel de Romeriksporten, dans le Sud-Est de la Norvège, a offert une opportunité pour étudier les impacts du percement du tunnel sur les eaux souterraines dans les roches gneissiques fracturées du Précambrien et d’examiner les relations entre l’hydrogéologie du substrat, les zones de fragilité tectonique et les bassins versants. Le drainage par le tunnel a abouti à un rabattement de la nappe atteignant 35 m dans les zones de faiblesse, transformé les zones de décharge en zones de recharge et influencé l’hydrogéochimie. L’amplitude du rabattement et des fluctuations du niveau de la nappe différait d’une zone faiblesse à l’autre et variait avec la distance au tunnel, le drainage par l’ouvrage et la recharge depuis les bassins versants. Les différences nettes de niveau de nappe et entre profils de fluctuations indiquaient un écoulement souterrain réduit entre les zones de faiblesse. L’abaissement de la nappe a prouvé l’existence de réseaux aquifères anastomosés jusqu’à 180 m de profondeur dans les zones de failles et de fractures. Des niveaux de nappe similaires, associés à des fluctuations fortement corrélées ont démontré la connexion hydraulique à l’intérieur des zones de fractures. Les différences de rabattement de l’eau souterraine et de drainance dans les zones de faiblesse, ainsi que les différences dans la survenue et l’impact des évènements tectoniques ont démontré l’importance de l’histoire géologique pour l’hydrogéologie du substratum. L’injection d’eau dans le substratum a contrebalancé l’abaissement de la nappe. Même un drainage modéré vers les ouvrages souterrains peut conduire à un abaissement important de la nappe dans les aires à faible recharge. L’interprétation hydrogéologique des zones de faiblesse tectonique devrait s’opérer dans le cadre de l’histoire géologique et de l’hydrogéologie locale du bassin versant.El monitoreo de agua subterránea a lo largo del túnel Romeriksporten, en el sudeste de Noruega, proporcionó una oportunidad para estudiar los impactos de la tunelización sobre el agua subterránea en rocas gnéisicas fracturadas del Precámbrico, y examinar las relaciones entre la hidrología del basamento, las zonas de debilidades tectónicas y las cuencas de drenaje. La filtración en el túnel resultó en una depresión en el agua subterránea de hasta 35 m en las zonas de debilidades, convirtió las zonas de descarga de agua subterránea en zonas de recarga, y afectó la química del agua subterránea. La magnitud de la depresión y las fluctuaciones en el nivel de agua subterránea difirió entre las zonas de debilidad, y varió con la distancia a la trayectoria del túnel, las filtraciones en el túnel, y la recarga de las cuencas de drenaje. Diferencias claras en los niveles de agua subterránea y en los patrones de fluctuación indicaron un flujo de agua subterránea restringido entre las zonas de debilidad. Las depresiones del agua subterránea demostraron redes portadoras coherentes de agua hasta 180-m de profundidad en fallas y zonas de fracturas. Niveles de agua subterránea similares con fluctuaciones altamente correlacionadas demostraron la conectividad hidráulica dentro de las zonas de fracturas. Distintas depresiones de agua subterránea y filtraciones en zonas de debilidad con diferentes apariencias y la influencia de eventos tectónicos demostraron la importancia de la historia geológica de la hidrogeología del basamento. La inyección de agua en el basamento contrarrestó las depresiones de agua subterránea. Incluso las filtraciones moderadas de construcciones en el subsuelo pueden conducir a grandes depresiones de agua subterránea en áreas con pequeña recarga subterránea. La interpretación hidrogeológica de las zonas de debilidades tectónicas puede ocurrir en el contexto de la historia geológica y en la hidrología local de las cuencas de drenaje.挪威东南部Romeriksporten隧道沿线的地下水监测可以为隧道建设对断裂前寒武纪片麻岩地下水的影响研究和调查基岩水文学与构造破碎带关系提供机会。隧道渗漏导致破碎带地下水位降低了35米,使地下水排泄区转换为补给区,并影响到了地下水水化学成分。不同破碎带的地下水位的下降和变化幅度不同,它们随着到隧道沿线的距离、隧道的渗漏量和流域的补给量而变化。地下水位波动模式的显著差异揭示了不同破碎带严格的地下水流场。地下水位的下降说明断裂破碎带有一个180m深的连续含水系统。相似的地下水位高度和水位波动趋势的高相关性说明内部具有水利连通性较好的断裂带。在不同地貌和受不同构造运动影响的破碎带,地下水的下降和渗漏量的不同说明了基岩水文学地质历史的重要性。向基岩中注入水抵消了地下水的下降。即便有少量的水渗漏到地下水建筑物中也可能导致大面积微补给区的地下水位下降。因而,在地质历史和流域水文学的研究中应该包含构造破碎带的水文地质学内容。A monitorização da água subterrânea ao longo do túnel de Romeriksporten, no sudeste da Noruega, proporcionou uma oportunidade para estudar os impactes da tunelação sobre a água subterrânea em rochas gnáissicas fraturadas do Precâmbrico e para examinar as relações entre a hidrologia do soco, as zonas de fraqueza tectónica e as bacias hidrográficas. A drenagem pelo túnel resultou no rebaixamento de até 35 m em zonas de fraqueza, converteu zonas de descarga em zona de recarga e afetou a química da água subterrânea. A grandeza dos rebaixamentos e das flutuações nos níveis de água subterrânea diferiam entre zonas de fraqueza e variaram com a distância ao traçado do túnel, com a drenagem pelo túnel e com a recarga a partir da bacia. Diferenças nítidas no nível piezométrico e nos padrões de flutuação de níveis indicavam escoamento restrito de água subterrânea entre zonas de fraqueza. Os rebaixamentos de água subterrânea demonstraram redes de escoamento coerentes até 180 m de profundidade em falhas e em zonas de fraqueza. Níveis piezométricos similares com flutuações altamente correlacionadas provaram a conectividade hidráulica em zonas de fratura. Diferente rebaixamento de águas subterrâneas e drenagem em zonas de fraqueza com diversa aparência e influência de eventos tectónicos demonstraram a importância da história geológica na hidrogeologia do soco. A injeção de água no soco compensou os rebaixamentos da água subterrânea. Mesmo drenagem moderada para as construções subterrâneas pode levar a grandes rebaixamentos de água subterrânea em áreas com reduzida recarga. A interpretação hidrogeológica das zonas de fraqueza tectónica deverá fazer-se no contexto da história geológica e da hidrologia das bacias locais.
Starting Page	1633
Ending Page	1653
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-07-11
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Tunnel Hydrogeological impact Weakness zones Fractured rocks Norway Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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