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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Simon, Szilvia Mádl Szőnyi, Judit Müller, Imre Pogácsás, György |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | The Duna-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary, is characterized by patchy surface salinization. However, in the Duna Valley, salinized wetlands appear in a N–S trending continuous zone (Lake Kelemenszék area). The source of the salts is reported to be the overpressured NaCl-type water of the Pre-Neogene basement and the NaHCO$_{3}$-type water of the Neogene sediments. This “basement and basin origin of salts” concept is based on the strong correlation between the regional distribution of surface salinization and the basinal flow pattern. This study, applying integrated methods, presents hydrogeological evidence for this theory and creates a conceptual model for the salinization. The model reflects that the basement water rises near to the surface through conductive faults crosscutting an extensive aquitard and aquifer. These faults ensure “shortcut”-type water exchange between the basement and the uppermost aquifer. This hydraulic setting generates chemical anomalies in this aquifer up to the surface, producing Na–HCO$_{3}$–Cl-type water. This water causes extensive surface salinization in those discharge areas where the infiltrating freshwater does not superimpose the upwelling saline water. Where a freshwater lens is located above the ascending saline water, this fresh gravity-driven flow controls the surface distribution of salts, which results in saline patches.L’interfluve Danube-Tisza, Hongrie, est caractérisé par une salinisation superficielle par plaques. Cependant, dans la vallée du Danube, des terrains humides salés apparaissent suivant une zone continue d’orientation N–S (secteur du lac Kelemenszék). On considère que l’origine du sel est une eau de type NaCl sous pression provenant du substrat Pré-Néogène et que l’eau type NaHCO$_{3}$ provient des sédiments Néogènes. Ce modèle conceptuel est basé sur la corrélation forte entre la distribution régionale de la salinité de surface et le mode d’écoulement dans le bassin. Cette étude, appliquant des méthodes intégrées, justifie cette théorie hydrogéologique et permet de créer un modèle conceptuel expliquant la salinisation. Le modèle rend compte d’une remontée de l’eau du substrat jusqu’en surface par des failles recoupant un aquitard étendu et un aquifère. Ces failles assurent un échange d’eau type «raccourci» entre le substrat et l’aquifère le plus superficiel. Ce cadre hydraulique génère des anomalies chimiques jusqu’à la surface de l’aquifère, produisant de l’eau type Na–HCO$_{3}$–Cl. Cette eau provoque une importante salinisation de surface dans les zones où l’eau douce s’infiltrant ne se surimpose pas à l’eau salée remontante. Là où une lentille d’eau douce est située au dessus de l’eau salée ascendante, le flux d’eau douce contrôlé par la gravité détermine la distribution du sel en surface, et celle des plaques salines qui en résulte.El interfluvio Duna-Tisza en Hungría está caracterizado por parches de salinización superficial. Sin embargo, en el Valle Duna, aparecen humedales salinizados en una zona continua con tendencia N–S (área del Lago Kelemenszék). Se asigna el origen de las sales al tipo de agua NaCl sobre presurizada del basamento Pre-Neógeno y agua de tipo NaHCO$_{3}$ de los sedimentos Neógenos. Este concepto del “origen de las sales en el basamento y en la cuenca” está basado en la fuerte correlación entre la distribución regional de la salinización superficial y el esquema de flujo en la cuenca. Aplicando métodos integrados, en este estudio se presentan evidencias hidrogeológicas para esta teoría y se crea un modelo conceptual para la salinización. El modelo refleja que el agua del basamento se eleva cerca de la superficie a través de fallas conductivas que cruzan un acuitardo y un acuífero extensos. Estas fallas garantizan un “acceso directo” para el intercambio del tipo de agua entre el basamento y el acuífero superior. Esta configuración hidráulica genera anomalías químicas en este acuífero hasta la superficie, produciendo agua de tipo Na–HCO$_{3}$–Cl. Esta agua produce una extensa salinización superficial en aquellas áreas de descarga donde el agua dulce que se infiltra no se superpone al flujo salino surgente. Donde un lente agua dulce está localizado encima de esta agua salina ascendente, este flujo de agua dulce por gravedad controla la distribución superficial de la sales, que lo cual conduce a parches salinos.匈牙利Duna河与Tisza河的河间地带普遍存在片状分布的盐碱地。但是在Duna河河谷地带,盐碱化湿地呈南北走向连续分布(Kelemenszék湖区)。前人研究指出盐分来源于前新近纪基底中NaCl型承压水和新近纪沉积物中的NaHCO$_{3}$型水。这种“基底与盆地来源盐分说”基于盐碱地分布和盆地水流模式之间的强相关性。本文综合利用多种方法为该理论提供了水文地质证据,并提出了盐碱化概念模型。该模型表明基岩水通过切割弱透水层和含水层的导水性断层上升到地表附近。这些断层使得基底水和浅部含水层之间发生了快速的水交换。这种水力条件使该含水层到地表发生了水化学异常,出现了Na–HCO$_{3}$–Cl型水。排泄区内,下渗的淡水不能叠盖在上升的咸水之上,导致了区内大面积的地表盐碱化。而部分地区淡水透镜体叠盖在上升的咸水之上。以重力驱动的淡水体水流控制了盐分在地表的分布,并最终导致了咸水的片状分布。O Interflúvio Duna-Tisza, na Hungria, é caracterizado por salinização superficial irregular. No entanto, no Vale do Duna, aparecem zonas húmidas salinizadas, de forma contínua, com uma tendência N–S (área do Lago Kelemenszék). A origem dos sais está reportada como tendo origem na água sob pressão de tipo NaCl do substrato pré-neogénico e na água de tipo NaHCO$_{3}$ dos sedimentos neogénicos. Este conceito “substrato e bacia-origem dos sais” é baseado na forte correlação entre a distribuição regional da salinização superficial e o padrão de fluxo basal. Este estudo, aplicando métodos integrados, apresenta evidências hidrogeológicas para esta teoria e cria um modelo conceptual para a salinização. O modelo reflete o facto da água do substrato ascender até próximo da superfície, através de falhas condutoras, atravessando um extenso aquitardo e aquífero. Estas falhas funcionam como um “atalho” que permite a troca de tipos de água entre o substrato e o aquífero superior. Esta configuração hidráulica gera anomalias químicas neste aquífero até à superfície, produzindo água do tipo Na–HCO$_{3}$–Cl. Esta água provoca extensa salinização à superfície, nas áreas de descarga, onde a infiltração de água doce não se sobrepõe à ascensão da água salina. Sempre que uma lente de água doce está localizada acima da água salina ascendente, este novo fluxo, conduzido pela gravidade, controla a distribuição de sais à superfície, o que resulta em manchas salinas. |
| Starting Page | 701 |
| Ending Page | 717 |
| Page Count | 17 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 19 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2011-03-12 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Salinization Geophysical methods Gravity-driven flow Overpressured flow Hungary Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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