NDLI: Hydrogeology and groundwater flow in a basalt-capped Mesozoic sedimentary series of the Ethiopian highlands

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Vandecasteele, Ine Nyssen, Jan Clymans, Wim Moeyersons, Jan Martens, Kristine Camp, Marc Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael Desmedt, Florimond Deckers, Jozef Walraevens, Kristine
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	A hydrogeological study was undertaken in the Zenako-Argaka catchment, near Hagere Selam in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, during the rainy season of 2006. A geological map was produced through geophysical measurements and field observations, and a fracture zone identified in the north west of the catchment. A perched water table was found within the Trap Basalt series above the laterized upper Aram Aradam Sandstones. A map of this water table was compiled. Water-level variation during the measurement period was at least 4.5 m. Variation in basal flow for the whole catchment for the measurement period was between 12 and 276 m$^{3}$/day. A groundwater flow model was produced using Visual MODFLOW, indicating the general direction of flow to be towards the south, and illustrating that the waterways have only a limited influence on groundwater flow. The soil water budget was calculated for the period 1995–2006, which showed the important influence of the distribution of rainfall in time. Although Hagere Selam received some 724 mm of rainfall per year over this period, the strong seasonal variation in rainfall meant there was a water deficit for on average 10 months per year.Une étude hydrogéologique a été entreprise sur le bassin versant de Zenako-Argaka, près Hagere Selam en Tigray, Ethiopie du Nord, pendant la saison des pluies 2006. Une carte géologique a été dressée sur la base de relevés géophysiques et d’observations de terrain et une zone fracturée localisée au Nord-Ouest du bassin. Un aquifère perché a été découvert dans la série de trapps basaltiques, au dessus des grès latéritisés du Aram Aradam supérieur. Une carte de cet aquifère a été dressée. La variation du niveau de l’eau durant la période de mesure a été au minimum 4.5 m. La variation du flux de base pour l’ensemble du bassin pendant la période de mesure était comprise entre 12 et 276 m$^{3}$/jour. Un modèle d’écoulement a été établi avec Visual MODFLOW, indiquant une direction générale d’écoulement vers le Sud, et montrant que les chenaux ont une influence limitée sur l’écoulement de l’aquifère. Le bilan sol eau établi pour la période 1995–2006 montre le rôle important de la distribution des précipitations dans le temps. Bien que Hagere Selam ait reçu quelques 724 mm d’eau par an durant cette période, la forte variation saisonnière des précipitations fait qu’il y a eu un déficit de précipitation 10 mois par an en moyenne.Se llevó a cabo una investigación hidrogeológica en la de Cuenca Zenako-Argaka, cerca de Hagere Selam en Tigray, en Etiopía del Norte, durante la estación lluviosa de 2006. Se produjo un mapa geológico a través de mediciones geofísicas y observaciones de campo, y se identificó una zona de fractura en el noroeste de la cuenca. Se encontró una capa freática colgada dentro de las series de Trap Basalt, por encima de las areniscas Aram Aradam laterizadas. Se compiló un mapa de esta capa freática. Las variaciones del nivel freático durante el período de medición fue de por lo menos 4.5 m. La variación en el flujo de base para la totalidad de la cuenca durante el período de medición fue entre 12 y 276 m$^{3}$/día. Se desarrolló un modelo de flujo de agua subterránea usando Visual MODFLOW, que indica que la dirección general de flujo es hacia el sur, e ilustra que los cursos de agua tienen solamente una influencia limitada sobre el flujo subterráneo. Se calculó el balance de agua del suelo para el período 1995–2006, lo cual mostró la influencia importante de la distribución de la lluvia en el tiempo. Aunque Hagere Selam recibió alrededor de 724 mm de lluvia por año durante este período, la fuerte variación estacional en la precipitación significó un promedio de déficit de agua durante 10 meses por año.Foi realizado um estudo hidrogeológico na bacia hidrográfica de Zenako-Argaka, perto de Hagere Selam, em Tigray, norte da Etiópia, durante a época das chuvas de 2006. Produziu-se um mapa geológico com base em medições geofísicas e observações de campo, e identificou-se uma zona de fracturas no noroeste da bacia. Foi encontrado um aquífero suspenso dentro da série Basáltica de Trap, localizado sobre os arenitos superiores laterizados de Aram Aradam, para o qual se construiu um mapa piezométrico. A variação do nível piezométrico durante o período de medições foi de pelo menos 4.5 m. O escoamento de base para toda a bacia hidrográfica variou entre 12 e 276 m$^{3}$/dia durante o período de medições. Produziu-se um modelo de escoamento subterrâneo usando o Visual MODFLOW, que indicou o sentido geral de fluxo para sul e demonstrou que os cursos de água têm apenas uma influência limitada sobre o escoamento subterrâneo. Foi calculado o balanço de água no solo para o período de 1995–2006, que mostrou a influência significativa da distribuição da precipitação no tempo. Embora Hagere Selam tenha recebido cerca de 724 mm de precipitação por ano durante este período, a forte variação sazonal resultou num deficit de água durante, em média, 10 meses por ano.
Starting Page	641
Ending Page	650
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2010-12-03
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrogeology Groundwater recharge/water budget Groundwater flow Ethiopia Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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