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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Guekie simo, Aubin Thibaut Marache, Antoine Lastennet, Roland Breysse, Denys |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Methodologies have been developed to establish realistic water-table maps using geostatistical methods: ordinary kriging (OK), cokriging (CoK), collocated cokriging (CoCoK), and kriging with external drift (KED). In fact, in a hilly terrain, when piezometric data are sparsely distributed over large areas, the water-table maps obtained by these methods provide exact water levels at monitoring wells but fail to represent the groundwater flow system, manifested through an interpolated water table above the topography. A methodology is developed in order to rebuild water-table maps for urban areas at the city scale. The interpolation methodology is presented and applied in a case study where water levels are monitored at a set of 47 points for a part urban domain covering 25.6 km$^{2}$ close to Bordeaux city, France. To select the best method, a geographic information system was used to visualize surfaces reconstructed with each method. A cross-validation was carried out to evaluate the predictive performances of each kriging method. KED proves to be the most accurate and yields a better description of the local fluctuations induced by the topography (natural occurrence of ridges and valleys).Des méthodologies ont été développées pour établir des cartes piézométriques réalistes en utilisant des méthodes géostatistiques : krigeage ordinaire (OK), cokrigeage (CoK), cokrigeage collocalisé (CoCoK) et krigeage avec dérive externe (KED). En fait, sur un terrain avec relief, lorsque les données piézométriques sont clairsemées sur de grandes surfaces, les piézométries obtenues par ces méthodes respectent les valeurs exactes aux piézomètres mais ne parviennent pas à représenter le système des écoulements souterrains, avec des interpolations de la nappe qui passent au-dessus de la surface topographique. Une méthode est développée de manière à bâtir les cartes piézométriques pour les zones urbaines, à l’échelle de la ville. La méthodologie d’interpolation est présentée et appliquée à un cas d’étude où les niveaux piézométriques sont suivis sur 47 points dans une zone urbaine de 26.5 km$^{2}$, à proximité de Bordeaux, en France. Pour sélectionner la meilleure méthode, un système d’information géographique a été utilisé afin de visualiser les surfaces construites avec chaque méthode. Une validation croisée a été réalisée pour évaluer les performances prédictives de chaque méthode de krigeage. La méthode KED est apparue la plus précise et apporte une meilleure description des fluctuations locales induites par la topographie (occurrence naturelle de crêtes et vallées).Se han desarrollado metodologías para establecer mapeos realistas del nivel freático utilizando métodos geoestadísticos: kriging ordinario (OK), cokriging (CoK), cokriging superpuestos (CoCoK) y kriging con deriva externa (KED). De hecho, en un terreno de colinas, cuando los datos piezométricos están esparcidamente distribuidos sobre grandes áreas, los mapas obtenidos del nivel freático por estos métodos proporcionan niveles de agua exactos en los pozos de monitoreo, fallan al representar el sistema de flujo de agua subterránea, que se manifiesta a través de un nivel freático interpolado por encima de la topografía. Se desarrolló una metodología para reconstruir mapas del nivel freático para las zonas urbanas a escala de la ciudad. Se presenta y aplica la metodología de interpolación en un caso de estudio en el que los niveles de agua son monitoreados en un conjunto de 47 puntos para una parte del dominio urbano cubriendo 25.6 km$^{2}$ cerca de la ciudad de Burdeos, Francia. Para seleccionar el mejor método, se utilizó un sistema de información geográfica para visualizar superficies reconstruidas con cada método. Se llevó a cabo una validación cruzada para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de cada método kriging. KED demuestra ser el más exacta y brinda una mejor descripción de las fluctuaciones locales inducidas por la topografía (ocurrencia natural de cordonoes y valles).发展了方法论并采用地质统计方法建立了逼真的水位图:普通的克里格法,协同克里格法,并列协同克里格法及具有外部漂移的克里格法。事实上,在丘陵地带,当测压资料在很大的区域内分布很少时,用这些资料获取的水位图提供了监测井确切的水位,但代表不了地下水水流系统,这已经通过地形之上的内插水位所证明.发展了方法论就是要重建城区城市尺度的水位图.在法国波尔多市附近面积为25.6 km$^{2}$的一片城区具有47个监测点位的研究案例中展示和应用了插值方法。为了选择最好的方法,采用地理信息系统对每个方法建立的水面形象化.进行了交叉确认,以评估每个克里格法的预测性能.具有外部漂移的克里格法证明最精确,能够更好地描述地形(天然出现的山脊和河谷)引起的局部波动。Metodologias têm sido desenvolvidas para definir mapas realistas do nível do lençol freático usando métodos geoestísticos: krigagem ordinária (KO), cokrigagem (CoK), cokrigagem coalocalizada (CoCoK), e krigagem com deriva externa (KDE). De fato, em um terreno acidentado, onde dados piezométricos são insuficientemente distribuídos através de grandes áreas, os mapas de nível do lençol freático obtidos por estes métodos proporcionam níveis exatos da água em poços de monitoramento, mas fracassam em representar o sistema de fluxo das águas subterrâneas, manifestado por um lençol freático interpolado sobre o terreno. A metodologia foi desenvolvida para reconstruir mapas de nível do lençol freático para áreas urbanas em escala municipal. A metodologia de interpolação foi apresentada e aplicada em um estudo de caso onde o nível da água foi monitorado no conjunto de 47 pontos para uma parte do domínio urbano, cobrindo 25.6 km$^{2}$ próximo da cidade de Bordéus, França. Para selecionar o melhor método, um sistema de informação geográfica foi usado para visualizar superfícies reconstruídas com cada método. Uma validação cruzada foi realizada para avaliar a performance preditiva de cada método de krigagem. KDE provou ser o mais preciso e produziu a melhor descrição da flutuação local induzida pela topografia (ocorrência natural de cordilheiras e vales). |
| Starting Page | 231 |
| Ending Page | 248 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 24 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2015-09-23 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Geostatistics Geographic information system Urban groundwater France Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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