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La force majeure en droit du travail, Etude comparative du droit français et du droit tchadien
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Djikoloum, Benjamin Bénan |
| Copyright Year | 2014 |
| Abstract | La notion de force majeure, inseree dans le Code Civil francais de 1804, a investi le droit du travail. Elle est aujourd’hui inseparable du contrat de travail, tant en droit francais qu’en droit tchadien, dans la mesure ou elle peut constituer une cause d’exoneration de responsabilite. Elle fait partie des notions fondamentales du droit du travail qu’il convient de revisiter ne serait-ce que pour constater son effectivite. Certes, l’absence d’une definition legislative de la force majeure a entraine des dissonances jurisprudentielles et doctrinales. Cependant, l’on constate, aujourd’hui, le retour du droit francais aux trois elements cumulatifs qui caracterisent la force majeure, a savoir l’exteriorite, l’imprevisibilite et l’irresistibilite. Ces elements figurent en bonne place dans le droit tchadien. Toutefois, les droits francais et tchadien du travail presentent la particularite d’etre mefiants a l’egard des evenements consideres comme force majeure dans la mesure ou ils sont susceptibles d’offrir l’occasion a l’employeur de s’exonerer de tout ou partie des obligations nees de la rupture d’un contrat de travail et d’echapper ainsi a un droit contraignant de licenciement pour motif economique. La force majeure, aussi bien en droit francais que tchadien, permet notamment a l’employeur de se separer du salarie sans avoir a mettre en œuvre, en face d’un contrat a duree indeterminee, la procedure de licenciement, ou a verser des indemnites pour rupture anticipee d’un contrat a duree determinee. Cependant, l’on a pu observer egalement que les juges francais et tchadiens, face a certains evenements de force majeure, certes rarissimes, preferent prononcer la suspension du contrat au lieu de sa rupture. Ce que l’on ne saurait condamner quand on sait qu’une telle mesure permet la sauvegarde du lien contractuel en vue d’une execution future. The major strength in labor law, A comparative study of the French and the Chadian laws The notion of major strength – as inserted in the French Civil Code of 1804 – has established the labor law. It is nowadays inseparable from the labor contract both in the French law as well as in the Chadian one; in that it can constitute a reason for exemption of responsibility. It is in fact, part of the fundamental notions of labor law that it would be advisable to revisit, be it to only notice its effectiveness. Indeed, the lack of a legislative definition of the major strength has entailed some jurisprudential and doctrinal cacophonies. Nevertheless, one can notice today though, the return of the French law to the three cumulative elements which characterize the major strength, that is, the out sidedness, the unpredictability and the irresistibility. These elements hold a good place inside the Chadian law. Anyway, the French and Chadian labor laws display the particularity of being cautious towards events considered as major strength in that they are likely to give the employer the opportunity to exempt himself of part of or the total of obligations that spring from the break of a labor contract and thus escape a constraining firing law for financial reasons . The major strength, inside the French law as well as inside the Chadian one, allows the employer to separate himself from the employee without having to enforce, when faced with an undetermined duration contract, the firing procedure or having to pay incentives for an anticipated break of an undetermined duration contract . Still, it has been noticed that French and Chadian judges, faced with certain events of major strength – scarce indeed – prefer to pronounce the suspension of the contract instead of breaking it . What we cannot condemn when we know that such a measure allows the safe keeping of the contract link in view of a future action. |
| Starting Page | 4 |
| Ending Page | 19 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Volume Number | 1 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://cnrd-td.org/revue_cnar/index.php/revue/article/download/61/56 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
