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NMR analysis of the human saliva metabolome distinguishes dementia patients from matched controls

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Figueira, João Adolfsson, Rolf Nyberg, Lars Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin Jonsson, Pär Öhman, Anders
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Saliva is a biofluid that is sensitive to metabolic changes and is straightforward to collect in a non-invasive manner, but it is seldom used for metabolite analysis when studying neurodegenerative disorders. We present a procedure for both an untargeted and targeted analysis of the saliva metabolome in which nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used in combination with multivariate data analysis. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated on saliva samples selected from the 25 year prospective Betula study, including samples from dementia subjects with either Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia at the time of sampling or who developed it by the next sampling/assessment occasion five years later, and age-, gender-, and education-matched control individuals without dementia. Statistically significant multivariate models were obtained that separated patients with dementia from controls and revealed seven discriminatory metabolites. Dementia patients showed significantly increased concentrations of acetic acid (fold change (fc) = 1.25, p = 2 × 10−5), histamine (fc = 1.26, p = 0.019), and propionate (fc = 1.35, p = 0.002), while significantly decreased levels were observed for dimethyl sulfone (fc = 0.81, p = 0.005), glycerol (fc = 0.79, p = 0.04), taurine (fc = 0.70, p = 0.007), and succinate (fc = 0.62, p = 0.008). Histamine, succinate, and taurine are known to be important in AD, and acetic acid and glycerol are involved in related pathways. Dimethyl sulfone and propionate originate from the diet and bacterial flora and might reflect poorer periodontal status in the dementia patients. For these seven metabolites, a weak but statistically significant pre-diagnostic value was observed. Taken together, we present a robust and general NMR analysis approach for studying the saliva metabolome that has potential use for screening and early detection of dementia.
Starting Page	2562
Ending Page	2571
Page Count	10
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	1742206X
Volume Number	12
Issue Number	8
Journal	Molecular BioSystems
DOI	10.1039/c6mb00233a
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Taurine Birch Vascular dementia Sulfone Metabolite Metabolome Propionate Glycerol Multivariate analysis Histamine Methylsulfonylmethane Succinic acid Nuclear magnetic resonance Betula Saliva Dementia
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Biotechnology

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