NDLI: Sporadically-driven clock-less in-pixel multi-bit energy discriminator for X-ray spectrometry CMOS PCD imagers

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Kim, H. S.
Abstract	A compact size and low-power multi-bit energy discriminator circuit is presented for X-ray spectrometry CMOS photon-counting detector (PCD) pixels. Because the circuit design is based on an asynchronous linear search, the discriminator with only a single-comparator classifies a sporadically incoming photon into multiple energy-bins, resulting in high spatial resolution and functionality of material-selective imaging. The proposed pixel power required to perform a minimal linear search is significantly less than the power of a conventional parallel search implemented in a flash-type discriminator. A prototype is fabricated in a 130-nm CMOS, and a 3-bit discriminator occupies only 23 × 60 μm2. The circuit dissipates a static power of 1 μW with a power supply of 3.3 V (analogue) and 1.2 V (digital). The inaccuracy of energy-binning is measured to be 2.6–3.3 mV rms.
Starting Page	1590
Ending Page	1592
Page Count	3
ISSN	00135194
Volume Number	52
e-ISSN	1350911X
Issue Number	Issue 19, Sep (2016)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/el/52/19
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/el.2016.2629
Journal	Electronics Letters
Publisher Date	2016-08-16
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Analogue Circuit Asynchronous Linear Search CMOS Image Sensor CMOS Integrated Circuit Comparators (circuits) Demodulator Discriminator Discriminators And Mixers Flash-type Discriminator Image Sonsor Integrated Circuit Design Layout Low Power Electronics Material-selective Imaging Minimal Linear Search Modelling And Testing Modulator Multiple Energy-bins Parallel Search Photon Counting Photon-counting Detector Power 1 MuW Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Design Single-comparator Size 130 Nm Sporadically-driven Clock-less In-pixel Multibit Energy Discriminator Circuit Voltage 1.2 V Voltage 2.6 MV to 3.3 MV Voltage 3.3 V Word Length 3 Bit X-Ray And Gamma-ray Equipment X-Ray Imaging X-Ray Spectrometry CMOS PCD Imager X-Ray Spectroscopy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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