NDLI: A reversible information hiding algorithm for 2D vector maps

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Sheng-Ming Wang Ching-Sheng Chiu
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: Graduate Institute of Interactive Media Design, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan (Sheng-Ming Wang) \|\| Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Information Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan (Ching-Sheng Chiu)
Abstract	Vector maps have been heavily utilized in many geographic information system (GIS) applications. In such applications, the precision of data is a critical issue. Hence, as we developed a 2D vector map information hiding algorithm, in addition to the embedding capacity, the reversible mechanism and the distortion of the recovery maps were very important factors in our considerations. This paper proposes a reversible, high capacity, and very low distortion information hiding algorithm for 2D vector maps. Our algorithm performs with the embedding capacity of 2(n-2) bits, where n represents the number of vertices in the cover vector map. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest capacity in the liteature of information hiding for vector maps so far. Our scheme produces a stego vector map with what we believe is the lowest distortion achieved to date, only 0.000012 of the root mean square error. Once the secret message is extracted, our method provides the capacity to leave the map in a recovered form that is a virtual reproduction of the original vector map. The original and the recovered maps have insignificantly small differences, less than 4.79E-09 of the root mean square error, a level imperceptible to the human visual system. Our algorithm belongs to the scheme of blind detection, where the secret message can be extracted without referring to the original cover vector map. The proposed algorithm is also secure and robust against affine transformation. We conclude that our algorithm provides a feasible solution for 2D vector map information hiding with reversibility and very low distortion.
Starting Page	424
Ending Page	429
File Size	336459
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467350839
e-ISBN	9781467350822
e-ISBN	9781467350815
DOI	10.1109/ISPACS.2012.6473527
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-11-04
Publisher Place	Taiwan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Vectors Principal component analysis Sorting Data mining Accuracy Standards Solid modeling information hiding steganographic algorithms two-dimensional vector maps capacity reversible
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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