NDLI: Primary frequency control with refrigerators under startup dynamics and lockout constraints

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ziras, C. Vrettos, E. Andersson, G.
Copyright Year	2015
Description	Author affiliation: Power Syst. Lab., ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (Ziras, C.; Vrettos, E.; Andersson, G.)
Abstract	There is a growing interest in utilizing demand-side flexibility to provide ancillary services. Various methods have been proposed for frequency control with thermostatically controlled loads, yet few consider practical load constraints. In this paper, we develop a fully decentralized method to provide primary frequency control (PFC) with domestic refrigerators taking into account startup compressor dynamics and lockout constraints. The proposed method relies on probabilistic switching to avoid synchronization among loads and large deviations from loads' baseline consumption, and on dynamic resetting of temperature deadbands to provide accurate PFC reserves. We demonstrate the method's performance via simulations with an extract of real frequency data, and via dynamic simulations with a one-area power system model. The results show that the method performs very well in both cases, and allows refrigerator aggregations to mimic conventional generators' droop characteristic and substitute them in PFC. To illustrate the importance of considering startup dynamics and lockout constraints in control design, we show that our approach achieves better results compared to an existing approach that neglects such constraints.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	5
File Size	308498
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467380409
DOI	10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286291
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-07-26
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Switches Refrigerators Frequency control Power system dynamics Sociology Statistics Load modeling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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