NDLI: The Dependence of Spectral Impedance on Disc Microelectrode Radius

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ahuja, A.K. Behrend, M.R. Whalen, J.J. Humayun, M.S. Weiland, J.D.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	As microelectrodes gain widespread use for electrochemical sensing, biopotential recording, and neural stimulation, it becomes important to understand the dependence of electrochemical impedance on microelectrode size. It has been shown mathematically that a disc electrode, coplanar in an insulating substrate and exposed to a conducting media, exhibits an inhomogeneous current distribution when a potential step is applied. This distribution is known as the primary distribution, and its derivation also yielded an analytic solution for electrical resistance of the conducting media (R_s), between the disc surface and a distant ground, which is inversely proportional to disk radius [R_s = 1/(4K_r), where k is media conductivity and r is disk radius]. The dependence of spectral impedance on microelectrode radius, however, has not been explored. We verify the analytical solution for resistance using high-frequency (100 kHz) electrochemical impedance data from microelectrodes of varying radius (11-325 mum). For all disc radii, as we approach a lower frequency (rarr 10 Hz), we observe a transition from radial to area dependence (e.g., 1/r rarr 1/r²). We hypothesize that this transition is driven by the fact that the derivation of the primary distribution ignores concentration gradients, but that these gradients cannot be ignored at lower frequencies.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	4
File Size	265276
Starting Page	1457
Ending Page	1460
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	55
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2008-04-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Impedance Microelectrodes Frequency Electrodes Insulation Nonhomogeneous media Current distribution Electric resistance Surface resistance Conductivity primary current distribution Electrochemical sensing impedance spectroscopy microelectrode neural stimulation electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Primary current distribution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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